The effects of climate change are global and will worsen in the future. People face uncontrollable large-scale events due to the crisis. To manage climate-induced risks, understanding all threats is crucial. A country's governance system is responsible for risk management. Pakistan is highly vulnerable to climatic disasters, making its governance system crucial. To achieve climate risk resilience, farmers need tailored institutional services. This study investigates the efficacy of such services in Punjab province, Pakistan. Four hundred eighty farmers in Punjab's mixed cropping zone were interviewed face-to-face using a predesigned structured questionnaire to collect data on five types of institutionally provided services (e.g., weather and climate forecasts, farm advisory, financial services, technical support, and training). Institutional support for climate risk management is assessed using an indicator-based index approach by selecting four indicators/dimensions reflective of service effectiveness (e.g., content coverage, service accessibility, compatibility, and usefulness). The survey results showed that farmers had varying perceptions of institutional services, with low-medium levels of support and fair content coverage, accessibility, and usefulness. Most services lacked compatibility. Researchers recommend improving agricultural service compatibility to build farming communities' resilience to climate risks.

中文翻译：

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机构支持指数：评估机构气候风险管理支持有效性的务实方法——以巴基斯坦农业社区为例

气候变化的影响是全球性的，并且未来将会恶化。人们因危机而面临无法控制的大规模事件。为了管理气候引发的风险，了解所有威胁至关重要。一个国家的治理体系负责风险管理。巴基斯坦极易遭受气候灾害，因此其治理体系至关重要。为了实现气候风险抵御能力，农民需要量身定制的机构服务。本研究调查了巴基斯坦旁遮普省此类服务的有效性。使用预先设计的结构化调查问卷对旁遮普混合种植区的 480 名农民进行了面对面访谈，以收集有关五种机构提供的服务（例如天气和气候预报、农场咨询、金融服务、技术支持和培训）的数据。 ）。使用基于指标的指数方法评估对气候风险管理的机构支持，选择反映服务有效性的四个指标/维度（例如内容覆盖范围、服务可及性、兼容性和有用性）。调查结果显示，农民对机构服务的看法各不相同，支持度和内容覆盖度、可及性和实用性均处于中低水平。大多数服务缺乏兼容性。研究人员建议提高农业服务兼容性，以增强农业社区抵御气候风险的能力。