To examine the roles of self-regulation, negative affectivity, and the home environment in the development of procrastination, the current study investigated children's procrastination in relation to conscientiousness, effortful control, negative affectivity, parenting, and socioeconomic status. Parents of 3- to 6-year-olds (N = 396; 81.8% White) completed questionnaires assessing the above-mentioned variables. Children's age (β = .072), conscientiousness (β = -.512), effortful control (β = -.134), and negative affectivity (β = .269) were significantly related to children's procrastination after controlling for parenting, and socioeconomic status. Although parental democratic participation, parental education, and family income were negatively related to children's procrastination, they were not associated with procrastination after considering children's personality and temperamental variables. When children were divided into younger (3- and 4-year-olds) and older (5- and 6-year-olds) age groups, the results did not change except for parental education. Parental education was not associated with younger children's procrastination, but it was negatively associated with older children's procrastination. Self-regulation and negative affectivity were most strongly associated with early childhood procrastination compared to aspects of the home environment. Thus, procrastination might be an early emerging tendency that is closely related to personality and temperament. Future studies should continue to investigate the developmental trajectory of procrastination and explore how contextual factors influence its early and ongoing development.

为了探讨自我调节、消极情感和家庭环境在拖延发展中的作用，本研究调查了儿童拖延与责任心、努力控制、消极情感、养育和社会经济地位的关系。3 至 6 岁儿童的父母（N = 396；81.8% 白人）完成了评估上述变量的调查问卷。儿童的年龄 (β = .072)、尽责性 (β = -.512)、努力控制 (β = -.134) 和消极情感 (β = .269) 在控制育儿和社会经济因素后与儿童的拖延症显着相关。地位。虽然家长民主参与、家长教育、家庭收入与孩子的拖延症呈负相关，考虑到儿童的性格和气质变量后，它们与拖延症无关。当孩子被分为年龄较小（3岁和4岁）和年龄较大（5岁和6岁）的年龄组时，除了父母教育之外，结果没有变化。父母教育与年龄较小的孩子的拖延症无关，但与年龄较大的孩子的拖延症呈负相关。与家庭环境的各个方面相比，自我调节和消极情感与幼儿期的拖延关系最为密切。因此，拖延症可能是一种早期出现的倾向，与性格和气质密切相关。