Tunnel excavation in geologically challenging areas can lead to slope instability and consequent landslides, which pose a serious threat to the integrity of the tunnel lining. To address this issue, a study was conducted to investigate the stability of the tunnel–landslide system using the finite-difference method (FDM) based on the Hanshankou tunnel of the Shaoguan–Xinfeng expressway in Guangdong province, China. A plane-strain model was used to examine the effect of various treatment measures on the system, and the strength reduction (incremental) method was employed to determine the range of initial slope safety factors applicable to different treatment measures, with the maximum shear strain increment serving as the criterion. The ‘anti-slip pile + anchor frame beam’ reinforcement system was found to be the most effective solution, reducing daily deformation by 60.1% after implementation. The results indicated that the pile–anchor reinforcement system can significantly mitigate landslide creep, and the corresponding treatment measures can be categorised based on the critical slope safety factor under different conditions.

中文翻译：

---

双隧道滑坡蠕滑期治理措施

在地质条件恶劣的地区进行隧道开挖可能会导致边坡不稳定并引发山体滑坡，对隧道衬砌的完整性构成严重威胁。针对这一问题，以广东省韶关至新丰高速公路汉山口隧道为研究对象，采用有限差分法（FDM）对隧道-滑坡系统的稳定性进行了研究。采用平面应变模型考察了各种处理措施对系统的影响，并采用强度折减（增量）法确定了不同处理措施适用的初始边坡安全系数范围，其中剪应变增量最大作为标准。结果表明，“防滑桩+锚架梁”加固体系是最有效的解决方案，实施后日变形量减少了60.1%。研究结果表明，桩锚加固系统可以显着减缓滑坡蠕变，并且可以根据不同条件下的临界边坡安全系数分类相应的处理措施。