A large body of evidence is available regarding the role of the cerebellum in the nonmotor domain. Several techniques have been used to study cerebellar cognitive and social functions, with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) being one of the most promising. TMS studies investigating the role of the cerebellum in nonmotor processes have contributed to unveil a detailed map of the (causal) functional organization of this structure during cognitive processes, and thus provided valuable theoretical insights. In the present mini-review, we summarize the most recent evidence on the nonmotor functions of the cerebellum provided by TMS investigations. Furthermore, we discuss the main methodological issues TMS studies on the cerebellum face, to guarantee adequate methodological rigor and theoretical advancement. Finally, recent trends and future directions in the TMS investigation of the cognitive cerebellum will be discussed. Within this context, methodological advancements would have direct and important applications in clinical and rehabilitative domains.

关于小脑在非运动域中的作用有大量证据。多种技术已被用于研究小脑认知和社会功能，其中经颅磁刺激（TMS）是最有前途的技术之一。TMS 研究调查了小脑在非运动过程中的作用，有助于揭示认知过程中小脑结构（因果）功能组织的详细图谱，从而提供了有价值的理论见解。在本小综述中，我们总结了 TMS 研究提供的有关小脑非运动功能的最新证据。此外，我们还讨论了小脑面部 TMS 研究的主要方法论问题，以保证方法论的严谨性和理论的先进性。最后，将讨论认知小脑 TMS 研究的最新趋势和未来方向。在此背景下，方法论的进步将在临床和康复领域产生直接和重要的应用。