The present study proposed a longitudinal moderated moderation model to investigate whether children's cognitive and emotional factors changed the association between parent-child relationships and early childhood irritability. A total of 526 parent-child pairs were included in a two–wave longitudinal study. We assessed children's emotion regulation skills, executive function, and relationships with parents at Wave 1 and irritability at Wave 2 one year later. The results revealed that high quality parent-child relationships were associated with lower levels of irritability. The two−way interaction effects of parent-child relationships × executive function, and emotion regulation skills ×executive function predicting irritability were significant. Moreover, the association between parent-child relationships and child irritability was moderated by emotion regulation skills and executive function simultaneously. Future interventions designed to reduce preschoolers' irritability may be more effective if they focus on improving parent-child relationships and promoting children's emotion regulation skills and executive function.

本研究提出了纵向调节模型来调查儿童的认知和情感因素是否改变了亲子关系与幼儿烦躁之间的关联。两波纵向研究共纳入 526 对亲子。我们评估了第一波儿童的情绪调节技能、执行功能以及与父母的关系，并在一年后评估了第二波儿童的易怒性。结果显示，高质量的亲子关系与较低的烦躁程度相关。亲子关系×执行功能和情绪调节能力×执行功能预测烦躁的双向交互作用显着。而且，亲子关系与儿童烦躁之间的关联同时受到情绪调节技能和执行功能的调节。未来旨在减少学龄前儿童烦躁的干预措施如果侧重于改善亲子关系并促进儿童的情绪调节技能和执行功能，可能会更有效。