Significant progress has been made in tumor immunotherapy that uses the human immune response to kill and remove tumor cells. However, overreactive immune response could lead to various autoimmune diseases and acute rejection. Accurate and specific monitoring of immune responses in these processes could help select appropriate therapies and regimens for the patient and could reduce the risk of side effects. Granzyme B (GzmB) is an ideal biomarker for immune response, and its peptide substrate could be coupled with fluorescent dyes or contrast agents for the synthesis of imaging probes activated by GzmB. These small molecules and nanoprobes based on PET, bioluminescence imaging, or fluorescence imaging have proved to be highly GzmB specific and accuracy. This review summarizes the design of different GzmB-responsive imaging probes and their applications in monitoring of tumor immunotherapy and overreactive immune response.

中文翻译：

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免疫反应中颗粒酶 B 的成像和监测

利用人体免疫反应杀死和清除肿瘤细胞的肿瘤免疫疗法已取得重大进展。然而，过度反应的免疫反应可能导致各种自身免疫性疾病和急性排斥反应。对这些过程中的免疫反应进行准确和具体的监测可以帮助为患者选择合适的疗法和方案，并可以降低副作用的风险。粒酶B（GzmB）是一种理想的免疫反应生物标志物，其肽底物可以与荧光染料或造影剂偶联，合成由GzmB激活的成像探针。这些基于 PET、生物发光成像或荧光成像的小分子和纳米探针已被证明具有高度 GzmB 特异性和准确性。本综述总结了不同 GzmB 响应成像探针的设计及其在监测肿瘤免疫治疗和过度反应免疫反应中的应用。