Inherited and age-associated vision loss is often associated with degeneration of the cells of the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. The mammalian retina, being a postmitotic neural tissue, does not have the capacity to repair itself through endogenous regeneration. There has been considerable excitement for the development of cell replacement approaches since the isolation and development of culture methods for human pluripotent stem cells, as well as the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells. This has now been combined with novel three-dimensional organoid culture systems that closely mimic human retinal development in vitro. In this review, we cover the current state of the field, with emphasis on the cell delivery challenges, role of the recipient immunological microenvironment, and challenges related to connectivity between transplanted cells and host circuitry both locally and centrally to the different areas of the brain.

中文翻译：

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影响基于干细胞的视网膜变性再生方法的因素

遗传性和与年龄相关的视力丧失通常与视网膜细胞的退化有关，视网膜细胞是眼睛后部的感光层。哺乳动物视网膜是有丝分裂后的神经组织，不具有通过内源性再生进行自我修复的能力。自从人类多能干细胞培养方法的分离和开发以及诱导多能干细胞的产生以来，细胞替代方法的发展引起了相当大的兴奋。现在，它已与新型三维类器官培养系统相结合，该系统在体外密切模仿人类视网膜发育。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了该领域的现状，重点是细胞递送挑战、受体免疫微环境的作用，以及与移植细胞和宿主电路之间局部和中央大脑不同区域的连接相关的挑战。