Adults with ADHD may engage in two distinct but related social-cognitive processes: positive illusory bias (PIB) and self-handicapping (SH). A theoretical basis for these mechanisms in ADHD is provided through the self-worth theory of achievement motivation. These mechanisms may initially serve a self-protective function, but ultimately lead to negative outcomes. However, research in this area is limited, and most of what is known about PIB and SH is not specific to adults with ADHD. We conducted a scoping review of the extant literature of PIB and SH among adults with ADHD. Eight studies were reviewed (six PIB and two SH). Results suggest that adults with ADHD may be more likely to engage in PIB and SH than their non-ADHD peers, and that engaging in these patterns may lead to worsened outcomes over time. The findings are limited by a small number of studies with varying sampling, operational definitions, and measures. Recommendations for research and clinical work are provided, including considering various ways to operationalize PIB and SH, investigating the impact of PIB and SH on assessment reporting style (i.e., under- versus over-reporting), and considering the role of PIB and SH in the treatment of ADHD in adults.

患有多动症的成年人可能会参与两种不同但相关的社会认知过程：积极的幻觉偏见（PIB）和自我设限（SH）。成就动机的自我价值理论为多动症的这些机制提供了理论基础。这些机制最初可能起到自我保护的作用，但最终会导致负面结果。然而，这一领域的研究有限，而且大多数关于 PIB 和 SH 的了解并不特定于患有 ADHD 的成年人。我们对成人 ADHD 患者的 PIB 和 SH 的现有文献进行了范围审查。审查了八项研究（六项 PIB 和两项 SH）。结果表明，患有 ADHD 的成年人可能比非 ADHD 的同龄人更容易出现 PIB 和 SH，而且随着时间的推移，这些模式可能会导致结果恶化。研究结果受到少数研究的限制，这些研究的样本、操作定义和测量方法各不相同。提供了研究和临床工作的建议，包括考虑实施 PIB 和 SH 的各种方法，调查 PIB 和 SH 对评估报告风格的影响（即少报与多报），以及考虑 PIB 和 SH 在评估中的作用。成人多动症的治疗。