Based on the perceptions of 331 youth athletes (M_age=14.33) and their most involved parent in sports (M_age = 45.96), this study examined whether different profiles of parental behavior (i.e., autonomy-, competence-, and relatedness-supportive and thwarting in the context of sports) could be identified, the extent to which these profiles align between the perceptions of athletes and parents, and how these profiles relate to youth athletes’ need-based experiences, (a)motivation, (dis)engagement, and anxiety regarding their sports participation. Independent cluster analyses on parent and athlete reports provided evidence for a similar cluster solution for both informants. Specifically, in the case of both informants, the cluster analyses identified four similar parental profiles: parents who are relatively (1) need-supportive, (2) need-thwarting, (3) predominantly controlling, and (4) distant when it comes to their child’s sports participation. In general, parents rated themselves as more motivating and less demotivating compared to athletes’ perceptions. Furthermore, parent reports had little to no predictive power with regard to the athletes’ sports experiences. However, athletes who perceived their parents as need-supportive showed the most adaptive outcomes, while the opposite was true for the need-thwarting profile. The other two profiles fell in between, with athletes in the predominantly controlling profile scoring high on both the adaptive and maladaptive outcomes, and athletes in the distant profile scoring low on the maladaptive outcomes but not necessarily high on the adaptive outcomes.

基于 331 名青少年运动员（M_年龄=14.33）及其最热衷于运动的家长（M_年龄= 45.96），这项研究检验了是否可以识别父母行为的不同特征（即在运动中支持和阻碍的自主性、能力和关联性），以及这些特征在运动员的看法之间的一致程度和家长，以及这些概况如何与青少年运动员基于需求的经历、（a）动机、（脱离）参与度和对体育参与的焦虑相关。对家长和运动员报告的独立聚类分析为两位知情者提供了类似的聚类解决方案的证据。具体来说，就两位受访者而言，聚类分析确定了四种相似的父母特征：相对（1）支持需求的父母，（2）阻碍需求的父母，（3）主要控制性的父母，以及（4）在需要时疏远的父母影响孩子的体育参与。一般来说，与运动员的看法相比，父母认为自己更积极，更少消极。此外，家长报告对运动员的运动经历几乎没有预测能力。然而，认为父母支持需求的运动员表现出最具适应性的结果，而认为父母阻碍需求的运动员则表现出相反的情况。其他两个档案介于两者之间，主要控制档案中的运动员在适应性和适应不良结果上得分都很高，而远程档案中的运动员在适应不良结果上得分较低，但在适应性结果上不一定很高。家长报告对运动员的运动经历几乎没有预测能力。然而，认为父母支持需求的运动员表现出最具适应性的结果，而认为父母阻碍需求的运动员则表现出相反的情况。其他两个档案介于两者之间，主要控制档案中的运动员在适应性和适应不良结果上得分都很高，而远程档案中的运动员在适应不良结果上得分较低，但在适应性结果上不一定很高。家长报告对运动员的运动经历几乎没有预测能力。然而，认为父母支持需求的运动员表现出最具适应性的结果，而认为父母阻碍需求的运动员则表现出相反的情况。其他两个档案介于两者之间，主要控制档案中的运动员在适应性和适应不良结果上得分都很高，而远程档案中的运动员在适应不良结果上得分较低，但在适应性结果上不一定很高。