Objectives

Despite a rich history of behavioral economic research on substance use there remains a need for further exploration of behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the etiology or persistence of substance use disorder. The purpose of this study was to measure the association between delay discounting and the endowment effect in people who smoke cigarettes, use cocaine, and controls, using online crowdsourcing.

Methods

Participants were categorized to a cocaine group (n = 36), cigarette group (n = 48), or control group (n = 47) based on recent reported drug use. Based on group, participants completed up to three delay discounting tasks (i.e., money, cigarettes and cocaine), an endowment effect task for multiple commodities, and other questionnaires.

Results

Participants in the cocaine and cigarette group demonstrated an increased rate in discounting for money compared to controls. Participants in the cocaine group had a less pronounced endowment effect for beer, compared to controls, as suggested by willingness to accept less to sell beer. A significant negative association was found between endowment ratios for non-drug commodities and delay discounting for cigarettes, but not monetary or cocaine delay discounting, indicating an inconsistent relationship between the two measures.

Conclusions

These results support prior research demonstrating a relationship between cocaine and cigarette use and delay discounting and extend that work by measuring the association between delay discounting and the endowment effect. Future research should include both loss aversion and endowment effect tasks and compare their relationship with delay discounting among people that use drugs.

中文翻译：

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药品和非药品商品的禀赋效应和时间贴现

目标

尽管关于物质使用的行为经济学研究有着丰富的历史，但仍然需要进一步探索可能构成物质使用障碍的病因或持续存在的行为机制。本研究的目的是通过在线众包来衡量吸烟者、可卡因使用者和对照者的延迟贴现与禀赋效应之间的关联。

方法

 根据最近报告的吸毒情况，参与者被分为可卡因组 ( n  = 36)、香烟组 ( n  = 48) 或对照组 ( n = 47)。参与者按小组完成最多三个延迟贴现任务（即金钱、香烟和可卡因）、多种商品的禀赋效应任务以及其他问卷。

结果

与对照组相比，可卡因和香烟组的参与者表现出更高的折扣率。与对照组相比，可卡因组的参与者对啤酒的禀赋效应不太明显，这表明他们愿意接受较少的啤酒销售。非药品商品的禀赋比率与香烟的延迟折扣之间存在显着的负相关关系，但货币或可卡因延迟折扣之间没有显着的负相关关系，表明这两种措施之间的关系不一致。

结论

这些结果支持了先前的研究，证明了可卡因和香烟使用与延迟折扣之间的关系，并通过测量延迟折扣与禀赋效应之间的关联来扩展该工作。未来的研究应该包括损失厌恶和禀赋效应任务，并比较它们与吸毒者延迟贴现的关系。