Persistent and chronic unresolved inflammation exerts a critical role in developing atherosclerosis; however, mechanisms that prevent the resolution of inflammation in atherosclerosis are poorly delineated. This study aims to evaluate the serum levels of inflammatory high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), pro-inflammatory leukotriene B4 (LTB4), besides anti-inflammatory compounds, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and its derivative resolvin E1 (RvE1) in patients with atherosclerosis. Thirty-four atherosclerosis patients and thirty-two age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were included in this study. The serum levels of hsCRP, LTB4, EPA, and RvE1 were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Our results showed that the hsCRP serum levels in the three-vessel disease (3VD) subgroup of patients are significantly lower than those in the mild and single-vessel disease (SVD) subgroups (P < 0.05). Besides, the serum levels of LTB4 were meaningfully greater in patients with atherosclerosis compared to healthy controls (P < 0.05). Also, the serum EPA and RvE1 levels were significantly higher in patients than in controls (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). However, the ratio of RvE1 to LTB4 (RvE1:LTB4) in patients was significantly reduced to that in controls (P < 0.0001). These findings illustrate that imbalanced pro-resolving RvE1 and pro-inflammatory LTB4 might contribute to failing vascular inflammation resolution and subsequent progression toward chronic inflammation in atherosclerosis.

持续且慢性未解决的炎症在动脉粥样硬化的发生中发挥着关键作用；然而，阻止动脉粥样硬化炎症消退的机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在评估炎症高敏 C 反应蛋白 (hsCRP)、促炎白三烯 B4 (LTB4) 以及抗炎化合物（包括二十碳五烯酸 (EPA) 及其衍生物 resolvin E1 (RvE1)）的血清水平动脉粥样硬化患者。这项研究包括 34 名动脉粥样硬化患者和 32 名年龄和性别匹配的健康个体。使用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）技术测量hsCRP、LTB4、EPA和RvE1的血清水平。结果显示，三支血管病变（3VD）亚组患者血清 hsCRP 水平显着低于轻度和单支血管病变（SVD）亚组（P  < 0.05）。此外，与健康对照相比，动脉粥样硬化患者的血清LTB4水平显着升高（ P  < 0.05）。此外，患者血清 EPA 和 RvE1 水平显着高于对照组（分别为P  < 0.01 和P  < 0.05）。然而，患者中 RvE1 与 LTB4 的比率（RvE1:LTB4）显着低于对照组（ P  < 0.0001）。这些发现表明，促消退 RvE1 和促炎 LTB4 不平衡可能导致血管炎症消退失败以及随后进展为动脉粥样硬化慢性炎症。