This study investigated how goal-directed and habitual behaviors recover after extinction within the context of the resurgence effect, a form of relapse induced by the removal or worsening of alternative reinforcement. Rats were trained to press a target lever with one reinforcer (O1) for either minimal (4) or extended (16) sessions. An extinction test after the completion of O1 devaluation confirmed that minimal and extended training formed goal-directed and habitual behaviors, respectively. Then, pressing an alternative lever was reinforced with a second reinforcer (O2) while the target response was placed on extinction. When O2 was discontinued, the minimally trained target response resurged with goal-directed status as in the extinction test. However, the extinguished habitual behavior in the extensively trained rats did not recover as a habit but instead with goal-directed status, possibly due to the context specificity of habits or the introduction of a new response–reinforcer contingency. The critical finding that reinforcer devaluation consistently led to less resurgence regardless of the amount of acquisition training provides a clinical implication that coupling differential-reinforcement-of-alternative-behavior (DRA) treatments with the devaluation of the associated reinforcer of problematic behavior could effectively diminish its recurrence.

中文翻译：

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以目标为导向的行动和习惯的复兴

这项研究调查了目标导向和习惯性行为在复兴效应的背景下如何在灭绝后恢复，复兴效应是一种由替代强化的消除或恶化引起的复发形式。训练大鼠用一个强化物 (O1) 按下目标杆，进行最少 (4) 次或长时间 (16) 次训练。O1 贬值完成后的消退测试证实，最小限度和扩展训练分别形成了目标导向行为和习惯行为。然后，按下替代杠杆会受到第二个强化物（O2）的强化，同时目标反应被置于消退状态。当氧气停止时，经过最低限度训练的目标反应会像灭绝测试中那样以目标导向状态重新出现。然而，经过广泛训练的老鼠中消失的习惯行为并没有恢复为习惯，而是具有目标导向状态，这可能是由于习惯的背景特异性或引入了新的反应强化意外事件。无论习得训练量如何，强化物贬值始终会导致较少的复发，这一关键发现提供了一个临床意义，即将差异性替代行为强化（DRA）治疗与问题行为相关强化物的贬值相结合可以有效地减少问题行为的发生。它的复发。