Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) enables researchers in international management to better understand how the impact of a single explanatory factor depends on the context of other factors. But the analytical toolbox of QCA does not include a parameter for the explanatory power of a single explanatory factor or “condition”. In this paper, we therefore reinterpret the Banzhaf power index, originally developed in cooperative game theory, to establish a goodness-of-fit parameter in QCA. The relative Banzhaf index we suggest measures the explanatory power of one condition averaged across all sufficient combinations of conditions. The paper argues that the index is especially informative in three situations that are all salient in international management and call for a context-sensitive analysis of single conditions, namely substantial limited diversity in the data, the emergence of strong INUS conditions in the analysis, and theorizing with contingency factors. The paper derives the properties of the relative Banzhaf index in QCA, demonstrates how the index can be computed easily from a rudimentary truth table, and explores its insights by revisiting selected papers in international management that apply fuzzy-set QCA. It finally suggests a three-step procedure for utilizing the relative Banzhaf index when the causal structure involves both contingency effects and configurational causation.

中文翻译：

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与 QCA 玩游戏：Banzhaf 指数作为国际管理解释力的上下文相关衡量标准

定性比较分析 (QCA) 使国际管理研究人员能够更好地了解单个解释因素的影响如何取决于其他因素的背景。但QCA的分析工具箱不包含单个解释因素或“条件”的解释力参数。因此，在本文中，我们重新解释了最初在合作博弈论中开发的 Banzhaf 幂指数，以建立 QCA 中的拟合优度参数。我们建议使用相对班扎夫指数来衡量一种条件在所有充分条件组合中的平均解释力。本文认为，该指数在国际管理中都很突出的三种情况下提供的信息尤其丰富，需要对单一条件进行上下文敏感的分析，即数据的多样性有限、分析中出现强烈的 INUS 条件以及结合偶然因素进行理论分析。本文推导了 QCA 中相对 Banzhaf 指数的属性，演示了如何从基本真值表轻松计算该指数，并通过回顾应用模糊集 QCA 的国际管理中的精选论文来探索其见解。最后，当因果结构涉及偶发效应和构型因果关系时，它提出了利用相对班扎夫指数的三步程序。