The research investigates the system of the Indo-European verb through the lens of Gustave Guillaume’s psycho-systematics theory. By employing “mental vision” and phenomenology, the linguistic concept was explored at multiple levels: the surface structure of language in speech and the deeper level within the Indo-European language system. The analysis of the tense system of the Indo-European verb starts with the ontologisation of a person in both the world and language. This perspective highlights the taxonomic relevance of philosophical factors that shape the development of the “image of time” from a prehistoric viewpoint within the Indo-European language family. The purpose of this research is to delve into the Indo-European verb system using Gustave Guillaume’s psycho-systematics theory as the theoretical framework. To achieve this, the authors draw on examples from French, English, Ukrainian, and Russian languages. The study aims to examine the process of the Indo-European verb’s development within the ontological opposition of space and time and the ontological status of the grammatical tense and mood categories in the Indo-European verb system. It was discovered that grammatical forms of verbs in the Indo-European language family provide insights into their formal essence. These forms represent the “positions” they occupy within the ontological dialectical relationship of space, time, language, and thinking. The research sheds light on the Indo-European verb system by applying Guillaume’s psycho-systematics theory. By clarifying the relationship between space, time, language, and thinking, a deeper understanding of linguistic structures and how they reflect human cognition and conceptualization of action can be gained.

该研究通过古斯塔夫·纪尧姆的心理系统学理论来研究印欧语动词系统。通过运用“心理视觉”和现象学，语言学概念在多个层面上进行了探索：言语中语言的表层结构和印欧语言系统内的更深层次。对印欧动词时态系统的分析从人在世界和语言中的本体论开始。这一观点强调了从印欧语系史前的角度塑造“时间形象”发展的哲学因素的分类学相关性。本研究的目的是以古斯塔夫·纪尧姆的心理系统学理论为理论框架，深入研究印欧语动词系统。为了实现这一目标，作者借鉴了法语、英语、乌克兰语和俄语的例子。本研究旨在考察印欧语动词在时空本体论对立中的发展过程以及印欧语动词系统中语法时态和语气类别的本体论地位。人们发现，印欧语系动词的语法形式可以洞察其形式本质。这些形式代表了它们在空间、时间、语言和思维的本体辩证关系中占据的“位置”。该研究应用纪尧姆的心理系统学理论，揭示了印欧动词系统。通过阐明空间、时间、语言和思维之间的关系，可以更深入地理解语言结构以及它们如何反映人类认知和行为概念化。