Emergency responding requires effective interoperability, whereby different emergency teams combine efforts and expertise to contain and reduce the impact of an emergency. Within the United Kingdom, the capacity for the Emergency Services to be interoperable has been criticized by public enquiries. This systematic review had three goals to: (i) define interoperability; (ii) identify the structural principles that underpin interoperability and (iii) identify the psychological principles that outline how interoperability can be achieved. A PRISMA framework was used to identify 137 articles, including 94 articles from the systematic review, 15 articles from grey literature and 28 articles based on author expertise. We identified two structural principles of interoperability: (i) being able to communicate and exchange information effectively; and (ii) having a decentralized and flexible team network. We identified three psychological principles that informed how interoperability might be embedded in the team: (i) establishing trust between team members; (ii) developing secure team identities and (iii) building cohesive goals. We defined interoperability as a shared system of technology and teamwork built upon trust, identification, goals, communication and flexibility. Regular psychologically immersive training that targets these psychological principles will help to embed interoperability into the social fabric of multi-team systems operating in high-reliability organizations.

中文翻译：

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互操作性心理学：对英国紧急服务部门之间联合工作的系统回顾

应急响应需要有效的互操作性，不同的应急团队可以结合努力和专业知识来遏制和减少紧急情况的影响。在英国，紧急服务的互操作能力受到公众质疑的批评。这次系统审查有三个目标：(i) 定义互操作性； (ii) 确定支持互操作性的结构原则，以及 (iii) 确定概述如何实现互操作性的心理原则。使用 PRISMA 框架识别出 137 篇文章，其中 94 篇来自系统评价，15 篇来自灰色文献，28 篇基于作者专业知识。我们确定了互操作性的两个结构原则：（i）能够有效地沟通和交换信息； (ii) 拥有分散且灵活的团队网络。我们确定了三个心理学原则，这些原则告诉我们如何将互操作性嵌入到团队中：（i）在团队成员之间建立信任； (ii) 建立安全的团队身份；(iii) 建立有凝聚力的目标。我们将互操作性定义为建立在信任、认同、目标、沟通和灵活性之上的技术和团队合作的共享系统。针对这些心理原理的定期心理沉浸式培训将有助于将互操作性嵌入到在高可靠性组织中运行的多团队系统的社会结构中。