Supply chain network design (SCND) problems are used to formulate and make strategic decisions on the number of facilities, network facility location and plant capacity, to ensure the optimal delivery of products from manufacturers to end consumers. On the other hand, assembly line balancing (ALB) problems provide details on operational decisions which encompass production levels and inventories and therefore should be flexible enough to react when changes in resource availability and product demands occur. Integration of the SCND and ALB problems has thus been explored to develop a more holistic model and to further improve the efficiency of the supply chain. This study develops a novel SCND-ALB optimization model which considers economic, environmental, and social objectives in determining the optimal design and operational conditions of the supply chain under flexible cycle time of the assembly lines. Furthermore, for the first time a zigzag type belief degree model is integrated to address system uncertainties of the SCND-ALB problem. Two multi-objective solution approaches are then considered to simultaneously account for the three sustainability objectives. A case study on the production of a nozzle is explored to demonstrate the capabilities of the model.

供应链网络设计（SCND）问题用于制定并做出有关设施数量、网络设施位置和工厂产能的战略决策，以确保产品从制造商到最终消费者的最佳交付。另一方面，装配线平衡（ALB）问题提供了有关运营决策的详细信息，其中包括生产水平和库存，因此应该足够灵活，以便在资源可用性和产品需求发生变化时做出反应。因此，我们探索了 SCND 和 ALB 问题的整合，以开发更全面的模型并进一步提高供应链的效率。本研究开发了一种新颖的 SCND-ALB 优化模型，该模型考虑了经济、环境、和社会目标，以确定装配线灵活周期下供应链的最佳设计和运营条件。此外，首次集成锯齿型置信度模型来解决 SCND-ALB 问题的系统不确定性。然后考虑两种多目标解决方案来同时考虑三个可持续发展目标。通过对喷嘴生产的案例研究来展示该模型的功能。