Kinesin motor proteins play crucial roles in anterograde transport of cargo vesicles in neurons, moving them along axons from the cell body towards the synaptic region. Not only the transport force and velocity of single motor protein, but also the number of kinesin molecules involved in transporting a specific cargo, is pivotal for synapse formation. This collective transport by multiple kinesins ensures stable and efficient cargo transport in neurons. Abnormal increases or decreases in the number of engaged kinesin molecules per cargo could potentially act as biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spastic paraplegia, polydactyly syndrome, and virus transport disorders. We review here a model constructed using physical measurements to quantify the number of kinesin molecules associated with their cargo, which could shed light on the molecular mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases related to axonal transport.

驱动蛋白运动蛋白在神经元中货物囊泡的顺行运输中发挥着至关重要的作用，将它们沿着轴突从细胞体移动到突触区域。不仅单个运动蛋白的运输力和速度，而且参与运输特定货物的驱动蛋白分子的数量对于突触形成至关重要。多个驱动蛋白的这种集体运输确保了神经元中稳定有效的货物运输。每个货物中参与的驱动蛋白分子数量的异常增加或减少可能作为神经退行性疾病的生物标志物，例如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）、痉挛性截瘫、多指综合症和病毒运输障碍。我们在这里回顾了一个使用物理测量构建的模型，以量化与其货物相关的驱动蛋白分子的数量，这可以揭示与轴突运输相关的神经退行性疾病的分子机制。