Food systems instantiate the complex interdependencies across humans, physical environments, and other organisms. Applying One Health approaches for agri-food system transformation, which adopts integrated and unifying approaches to optimize the overall health of humans, animals, plants, and environments, is crucial to enhance the sustainability of food systems. This study develops a potential assessment tool, named the global One Health index-Food Security (GOHI-FS), aiming to evaluate food security performance across countries/territories from One Health perspective and identify relevant gaps that need to be improved for sustainable food systems. We comprehensively reviewed existing frameworks and elements of food security. The indicator framework of GOHI-FS was conceptualized following the structure-process-outcome model and confirmed by expert advisory. Publicly available data in 2020 was collected for each indicator. The weighting strategy was determined by the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process. The data for each indicator was normalized and aggregated by weighted arithmetic mean. Linear regressions were performed to evaluate the associations of GOHI-FS with health and social-economic indicators. The GOHI-FS includes 5 first-level indicators, 19 second-level indicators and 45 third-level indicators. There were 146 countries/territories enrolled for evaluation. The highest average score of first-level indicators was Nutrition (69.8) and the lowest was Government Support and Response (31.3). There was regional heterogeneity of GOHI-FS scores. Higher median scores with interquartile range (IQR) were shown in North America (median: 76.1, IQR: 75.5–76.7), followed by Europe and Central Asia (median: 66.9, IQR: 60.1–74.3), East Asia and the Pacific (median: 60.6, IQR: 55.5–68.7), Latin America and the Caribbean (median: 60.2, IQR: 57.8–65.0), Middle East and North Africa (median: 56.6, IQR: 52.0–62.8), South Asia (median: 51.1, IQR: 46.7–53.8), and sub-Saharan Africa (median: 41.4, IQR: 37.2–46.5). We also found significant associations between GOHI-FS and GDP per capita, socio-demographic index, health expenditure and life expectancy. GOHI-FS is a potential assessment tool to understand the gaps in food security across countries/territories under the One Health concept. The pilot findings suggest notable gaps for sub-Saharan Africa in numerous aspects. Broad actions are needed globally to promote government support and response for food security.

中文翻译：

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从“同一个健康”概念评估粮食安全绩效：基于全球同一个健康指数的评估工具

粮食系统体现了人类、自然环境和其他生物体之间复杂的相互依赖性。应用“同一个健康”方法进行农业食品系统转型，即采用综合统一的方法来优化人类、动物、植物和环境的整体健康，对于增强粮食系统的可持续性至关重要。本研究开发了一种潜在的评估工具，名为全球“同一个健康”指数-粮食安全（GOHI-FS），旨在从“同一个健康”的角度评估各国/地区的粮食安全绩效，并找出可持续粮食系统需要改进的相关差距。我们全面审查了粮食安全的现有框架和要素。GOHI-FS的指标框架是根据结构-过程-结果模型概念化的，并得到专家咨询的确认。每个指标均收集了 2020 年的公开数据。加权策略由模糊层次分析法确定。各指标数据均采用加权算术平均值进行归一化和汇总。进行线性回归来评估 GOHI-FS 与健康和社会经济指标的关联。GOHI-FS包括5个一级指标、19个二级指标和45个三级指标。共有 146 个国家/地区参与评估。一级指标平均得分最高的是营养（69.8），最低的是政府支持和响应（31.3）。GOHI-FS 评分存在区域​​异质性。四分位距 (IQR) 中位数得分较高的地区是北美（中位数：76.1，IQR：75.5–76.7），其次是欧洲和中亚（中位数：66.9，IQR：60.1–74.3）、东亚和太平洋地区（中位数：60.6，IQR：55.5–68.7）、拉丁美洲和加勒比地区（中位数：60.2，IQR：57.8–65.0）、中东和北非（中位数：56.6，IQR：52.0–62.8）、南亚（中位数： 51.1，IQR：46.7–53.8）和撒哈拉以南非洲地区（中位数：41.4，IQR：37.2–46.5）。我们还发现 GOHI-FS 与人均 GDP、社会人口指数、医疗支出和预期寿命之间存在显着关联。GOHI-FS 是一种潜在的评估工具，可用于了解“同一个健康”概念下各国/地区粮食安全方面的差距。试点结果表明撒哈拉以南非洲地区在许多方面都存在显着差距。全球需要采取广泛行动，促进政府对粮食安全的支持和应对。