Burning agricultural waste emerged as a prominent air pollution source that is widely prevalent across the entire Indian subcontinent, primarily in the Northern states. Cereal crops (primarily rice and wheat) in the North and sugarcane residues in other parts of the country contribute majorly to the burning of waste biomass. Massive increase in various harmful gases, including sulfur compounds and particulate matter, from the burning agricultural residues is linked to increasing health conditions, grave diseases and lowering of life expectancy of people affected by this practice. This review outlines the existing strategies followed in managing the agricultural waste residues, primarily in India, their limitations, the sustainable biotechnological interventions for the same and the current state of affairs in the interventions proposed. Innovations in mechanical stubble removal techniques and real-time monitoring aided by artificial intelligence tools will go a long way in curing this practice. Two primary aspects that are being promoted and hold much scope are the sensitization of farmer community and other stakeholders, including policy makers, involved in the production and dissemination of these residues, and establishing a commercial, decentralized market for the residues generated. Generation of value products from stubble will be the most helpful intervention in ensuring a positive action by the farmers. Some of the potential commercial applications include use of crop residues in sustainable architecture, as packing materials for commercial products, for the production of building/roofing materials, conversion to biochar for various applications, for biofuel generation, as substrate in mushroom cultivation and as raw material in the process of fermentation for producing various enzymes and other products of commercial value. Government initiatives and support as well as private partnerships are vital for the success of the endeavors.

燃烧农业废弃物已成为一个重要的空气污染源，在整个印度次大陆（主要是北部各州）广泛存在。北方的谷类作物（主要是水稻和小麦）和该国其他地区的甘蔗残渣是废弃生物质燃烧的主要来源。燃烧农业残留物导致各种有害气体（包括硫化合物和颗粒物）大量增加，与受这种做法影响的人们的健康状况恶化、严重疾病和预期寿命缩短有关。本综述概述了管理农业废渣（主要是在印度）的现有策略、其局限性、可持续的生物技术干预措施以及拟议干预措施的现状。机械灭茬技术的创新和人工智能工具辅助的实时监控将大大有助于治愈这种做法。正在推广并影响广泛的两个主要方面是提高农民社区和其他利益相关者（包括政策制定者）​​参与这些残留物的生产和传播的认识，以及为所产生的残留物建立一个商业、分散的市场。利用残茬生产有价值的产品将是确保农民采取积极行动的最有帮助的干预措施。一些潜在的商业应用包括在可持续建筑中使用农作物残留物，作为商业产品的包装材料，用于生产建筑/屋顶材料，转化为生物炭用于各种应用，用于生物燃料生产，作为蘑菇栽培的基质和发酵过程中生产各种酶和其他具有商业价值的产品的原料。政府的举措和支持以及私人伙伴关系对于这些努力的成功至关重要。