Abstract

Diverging in the initial assumptions, both mechanistic and evolutionary theories of aging suggest a positive correlation of indicators of life expectancy of animal species with body size and a negative correlation with fertility and metabolic rate. Such dependence is obviously traced within large taxa; however, when analyzing on a smaller scale (at the level of orders and families), ecological specialization of species can make a significant contribution to the variability of the corresponding indexes. In given work, correlative relationships between median and maximum life expectancy, on one hand, and the average values of body weight, fertility, muscle strength, the values of standard and maximum metabolic rates, locomotor activity, and emotionality in the open field test, on the other hand, are analyzed in eight species of Cricetidae family. The correlations with life expectancy were significant for all indicators except body weight. For locomotor activity, the correlation with life expectancy was positive; for other indicators, it was negative. The paper discusses possible reasons for differences in the strength of correlative relationships of the analyzed indexes with the maximum and median life expectancy from the point of view of mechanistic and evolutionary approaches to the analysis of the causes and mechanisms of aging.

中文翻译：

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什么决定物种的寿命？

摘要

与最初的假设不同，衰老的机械理论和进化理论都表明，动物物种的预期寿命指标与体型呈正相关，与生育率和代谢率呈负相关。这种依赖性在大型类群中明显可见。然而，当在较小规模（目和科水平）进行分析时，物种的生态专业化可以对相应指标的变异性做出重大贡献。在给定的工作中，一方面，中位预期寿命和最大预期寿命与旷场测试中的体重、生育能力、肌肉力量、标准和最大代谢率值、运动活动和情绪的平均值之间的相关关系，另一方面，对仓鼠科的八种物种进行了分析。除体重外，所有指标与预期寿命的相关性均显着。对于运动活动而言，与预期寿命呈正相关；其他指标则为负。本文从机理和进化的角度分析衰老的原因和机制，讨论了分析指标与最大和中位预期寿命的相关关系强度存在差异的可能原因。