Diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) can be challenging and it could require different tests, some of which are affected by limited availability. Nowadays, considering that new therapies are available for HFpEF and related conditions, a prompt and correct diagnosis is relevant. However, the diagnostic role of biomarker level, imaging tools, score-based algorithms, and invasive evaluation should be based on the strengths and weaknesses of each test. The aim of this review is to help the clinician in diagnosing HFpEF, overcoming the diagnostic uncertainty, and in disentangling among the different underlying causes, in order to properly treat this kind of patients.

射血分数保留的心力衰竭 (HFpEF) 的诊断可能具有挑战性，可能需要不同的测试，其中一些测试受到可用性有限的影响。如今，考虑到 HFpEF 及相关病症已有新疗法，及时、正确的诊断至关重要。然而，生物标志物水平、成像工具、基于评分的算法和侵入性评估的诊断作用应基于每个测试的优点和缺点。本综述的目的是帮助临床医生诊断 HFpEF，克服诊断的不确定性，并理清不同的根本原因，以便正确治疗此类患者。