In Spanish, tener que and haber que + infinitive are modal periphrases that convey deontic meanings. The present investigation analyzes these periphrases as variants used in diverse communicative settings by different kinds of participants, acting as either speakers/writers or addressees. Tener que + infinitive tends to appear in those contexts where a more striking implication or unavoidable recommendation is needed. Haber que + infinitive is used more in a wide range of genres promoting a desubjectivizing-deontic meaning. As for the sex/gender of the participants, men more frequently use tener que + infinitive, whereas women tend to employ haber que + infinitive. The latter feature was also found to be significant when the sex/gender of the addressee is unknown; also, tener que + infinitive resulted more frequently in texts to be read or listened by women. The sociolinguistic distribution of the meanings conveyed by each periphrasis helps to delineate communicative styles based on the objectivity-subjectivity dimension.

在西班牙语中，tener que和haber que + 不定式是表达道义意义的情态旁白。本研究分析了这些旁白作为不同类型的参与者（充当演讲者/作者或收件人）在不同交际环境中使用的变体。Tener que + 不定式往往出现在需要更引人注目的暗示或不可避免的建议的情况下。Haber que + 不定式更多地用于各种促进去主体化-道义意义的体裁中。至于参与者的性别，男性更频繁地使用tener que +不定式，而女性则倾向于使用haber que+ 不定式。当收件人的性别未知时，后一个特征也很重要；此外，tener que + 不定式更频繁地导致女性阅读或聆听的文本。每个旁白所传达的含义的社会语言学分布有助于根据客观性-主观性维度来描述交际风格。