The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a major component of the Earth's climate that largely influences global climate variability through long-distance teleconnections. Rossby wave trains emerging from the tropical convection and their propagation into extratropical regions are the key mechanism for tropical and extratropical teleconnections. Despite significant progress in the understanding of ENSO teleconnections over the recent past decades, several important issues have remained to be addressed. The global atmospheric teleconnections of ENSO vary substantially with the seasonal cycle, on the decadal timescale, and under the influence of global warming. It is essential to separate the internal decadal variability of ENSO teleconnections from changes caused by the external forcing of global warming. However, the post-satellite observations are not long enough to compose a large number of ENSO events to distinguish the decadal variability of ENSO teleconnections from changes related to increasing greenhouse concentrations. The current climate models also suffer from common biases, such that they are unable to properly reproduce both the tropical mean state and some features of ENSO. Nevertheless, observational records can be extended back in time via reconstruction methods. Efforts have also already been made to remove some main common biases of climate models and to improve the representation of ENSO characteristics. The reliable reconstructed data along with a large number of ensemble members of the improved climate model simulations can be applied to advance our understanding of ENSO global teleconnections and their responses to internal decadal variability and externally forced global warming.

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当前和未来全球变暖背景下ENSO遥相关的回顾

厄尔尼诺南方涛动（ENSO）是地球气候的一个主要组成部分，它通过长距离遥相关在很大程度上影响全球气候变化。从热带对流中出现的罗斯贝波列及其传播到温带地区是热带和温带遥相关的关键机制。尽管近几十年来对 ENSO 遥相关的理解取得了重大进展，但仍有几个重要问题有待解决。ENSO的全球大气遥相关随季节周期、十年时间尺度以及全球变暖的影响而变化很大。必须将 ENSO 遥相关的内部年代际变化与全球变暖的外部强迫引起的变化分开。然而，卫星后观测的时间不够长，不足以组成大量 ENSO 事件，无法区分 ENSO 遥相关的年代际变化与与温室浓度增加相关的变化。当前的气候模型也存在常见偏差，无法正确再现热带平均状态和 ENSO 的某些特征。尽管如此，观测记录可以通过重建方法及时回溯。我们还努力消除气候模型的一些主要常见偏差，并改善 ENSO 特征的表征。可靠的重建数据以及改进的气候模型模拟的大量集合成员可用于增进我们对 ENSO 全球遥相关及其对内部年代际变化和外部强迫全球变暖的响应的理解。