Continuous multiproxy data were generated to understand the mid–late Holocene palaeoenvironmental history of the Kashmir Valley and the biogeochemistry of Wular Lake, India. For this purpose, geochemical and stable isotopic analyses were carried out on sediment samples retrieved from a 160 cm long trench excavated on the eastern bank of Wular Lake located in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India. The chronology of the sediment strata developed using ¹⁴C dating by accelerator mass spectrometry covered the last ~5600 yr bp. Our results indicated the occurrence of an extended dry climate phase from 4600 to 3800 yr bp, which coincided with the widely recognised Meghalayan Stage, when major civilisations like the Harappa and the Akkadian were known to collapse. The lake biogeochemistry revealed dominance of the emergent macrophytes during this stage. Another dry phase was observed between 3100 and 2200 yr bp. This dry phase peaked at around 2900 yr bp, coinciding with Bond Event 2. Wular Lake faced nutrient limitation due to low runoff around 2500 yr bp caused by the persistent dry and cold climate. Geochemical signatures revealed that anthropogenic activities during the last two millennia might have significantly influenced erosion in the catchment area.

中文翻译：

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印度克什米尔山谷乌拉尔湖全新世中晚期古气候与生物地球化学演化

生成连续的多代理数据，以了解克什米尔山谷的全新世中晚期古环境历史和印度乌拉尔湖的生物地球化学。为此，对从印度查谟和克什米尔联邦直辖区乌拉尔湖东岸挖掘的 160 厘米长沟渠中提取的沉积物样品进行了地球化学和稳定同位素分析。^{使用加速器质谱14} C 测年法开发的沉积物地层年代学涵盖了最后约 5600 年的历史。我们的研究结果表明，从距今4600 年到 3800 年，出现了一个延长的干旱气候阶段，这与广泛认可的梅加拉扬阶段相一致，当时哈拉帕和阿卡德等主要文明崩溃了。湖泊生物地球化学揭示了这一阶段新兴大型植物的优势。在 3100 年和 2200 年 bp 之间观察到另一个干燥阶段。该干旱阶段在 2900 年左右达到峰值，与邦德事件 2 重合。由于持续干燥和寒冷的气候，在2500 年左右造成径流量低，乌拉尔湖面临养分限制。地球化学特征表明，过去两千年的人类活动可能对流域的侵蚀产生了重大影响。