Purpose

Humane Entrepreneurship (HumEnt) is strongly purpose-oriented and characterized by a focus on inclusiveness and social and environmental sustainability, with attention to both internal and external stakeholders and their needs. In the attempt to provide new research in this field, this study aims to conduct an empirical investigation within the theory of HumEnt and, in particular, of the Human Resource Orientation (HRO) model among Italian Small and Medium-size Enterprises.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on quantitative data, this study used a deductive approach to investigate the relationship between the HumEnt model and firms’ relational embeddedness with different types of stakeholders (value chain stakeholders and societal stakeholders, respectively). More concretely, to investigate the relationships between the dimensions of the HumEnt model and firms’ relational embeddedness, partial least squares structural equation modeling was applied.

Findings

Findings of this study suggest that Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) directly contributes only to value chain embeddedness. However, the results also show that if EO is mediated by an HRO (i.e. companies with a high HRO), a high level of societal embeddedness is also present.

Originality/value

This study represents a first attempt to provide comprehensive empirical evidence about the different dimensions characterizing the HumEnt theoretical model, and to highlight their relevance in supporting companies’ relational embeddedness capacity with different categories of stakeholders.

中文翻译：

---

创业的人性一面：对与利益相关者的嵌入关系的实证调查

目的

人道创业 (HumEnt) 具有强烈的目的导向性，其特点是注重包容性以及社会和环境的可持续性，同时关注内部和外部利益相关者及其需求。为了在这一领域提供新的研究，本研究旨在在 HumEnt 理论中进行实证研究，特别是意大利中小企业的人力资源导向（HRO）模型。

设计/方法论/途径

本研究基于定量数据，采用演绎方法探讨了HumEnt模型与企业与不同类型利益相关者（分别是价值链利益相关者和社会利益相关者）的关系嵌入之间的关系。更具体地说，为了研究 HumEnt 模型的维度与企业关系嵌入性之间的关系，应用了偏最小二乘结构方程模型。

发现

这项研究的结果表明，创业导向（EO）仅对价值链嵌入有直接贡献。然而，结果还表明，如果平等机会是由 HRO（即具有高 HRO 的公司）调解的，那么也存在高水平的社会嵌入性。

原创性/价值

本研究首次尝试提供有关 HumEnt 理论模型不同维度特征的全面实证证据，并强调它们在支持公司与不同类别利益相关者的关系嵌入能力方面的相关性。