Single-bonded polymeric nitrogen (PN) synthesized under high pressure was highly delivered for its valuable application prospects on high-energy-density materials (HEDM) and profound effects for understanding the interaction behavior of simple diatomic. Since the 1980s, polymeric phases of nitrogen have displayed remarkable complexity under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature that fascinated theoreticians and experimentalists. The high-pressure X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy experiments on PN made it possible to elucidate their evolution, in particular, to measure important structural information through scientific facilities. Here, the synthesized PN hitherto, including cubic gauche nitrogen (cg-N), layered polymeric nitrogen (LP-N), hexagonal layered polymeric nitrogen (HLP-N), post-layered-polymeric nitrogen (PLP-N), and black phosphorous structure nitrogen (BP–N) are reviewed. The synthesized methods, diagnosed technologies, lattice dynamics, and experimental challenges are introduced, with a particular focus on their structural similarity and lattice dynamic characterization, and the Raman criterion for nitrogen polymerization is also given. Finally, we propose the expectation of developing free-electron laser (FEL) and high-pressure neutron technology which is a potential key in the research of fundamental elements under high pressure.

高压合成的单键聚合氮（PN）因其在高能量密度材料（HEDM）上的宝贵应用前景以及对理解简单双原子相互作用行为的深远影响而受到高度关注。自 20 世纪 80 年代以来，氮的聚合相在极端压力和温度条件下表现出显着的复杂性，令理论学家和实验学家着迷。PN 上的高压 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 和拉曼光谱实验使得阐明其演化成为可能，特别是通过科学设施测量重要的结构信息。这里，迄今为止合成的PN，包括立方高斯氮(cg-N)、层状聚合物氮(LP-N)、六方层状聚合物氮(HLP-N)、后层状聚合物氮(PLP-N)和黑色磷结构氮（BP-N）进行了回顾。介绍了合成方法、诊断技术、晶格动力学和实验挑战，特别关注它们的结构相似性和晶格动力学表征，并给出了氮聚合的拉曼准则。最后，我们提出了发展自由电子激光（FEL）和高压中子技术的期望，这是高压基本元素研究的潜在关键。