Abstract

Over five centuries, friction science used the friction coefficient as the main quantitative characteristic of the friction process. The concept of the friction coefficient as a characteristic of resistance to the movement of frictional surfaces in a latent form was formulated by Leonardo da Vinci. Two centuries later, already in an explicit form, as a formula, the friction coefficient appeared in the studies of Guillaume Amonton. Modern engineering believes that the friction coefficient has no physical meaning, it is merely a convenient friction parameter that can be easily determined in an experiment. What is the physical meaning of resistance to the movement of frictional surfaces? If we perform a thermodynamic analysis of the friction process, considering each deformable friction contact element as an independent transformer and dissipator of energy of the external relative displacement (motion) of surfaces, then it becomes possible to consider the friction coefficient in a new physical sense. The accumulation of the potential energy of a deformed structure (defects in the crystalline structure) by a friction contact is, in essence, a method of deceleration of frictional surfaces moving relative to each other. The static potential energy of the formed defects in the structure of the contact structure is a measure of the decrease in the kinetic energy of the relative motion of the frictional surfaces. The pragmatism of the energy (thermodynamic) approach of friction is organically embedded in the general problems of energy consumption and saving energy resources of modern tribology.

中文翻译：

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摩擦系数的结构能量方面

摘要

五个世纪以来，摩擦科学一直使用摩擦系数作为摩擦过程的主要定量特征。摩擦系数的概念是由列奥纳多·达·芬奇提出的，它是摩擦表面潜在运动阻力的特征。两个世纪后，摩擦系数已经以明确的形式作为公式出现在纪尧姆·阿蒙顿的研究中。现代工程学认为，摩擦系数没有物理意义，它只是一个方便的摩擦参数，可以在实验中轻松确定。摩擦表面运动阻力的物理意义是什么？如果我们对摩擦过程进行热力学分析，将每个可变形摩擦接触单元视为表面外部相对位移（运动）能量的独立转换器和耗散器，则可以从新的物理意义上考虑摩擦系数。摩擦接触引起的变形结构（晶体结构中的缺陷）势能的积累本质上是一种使相对运动的摩擦表面减速的方法。接触结构中形成的缺陷的静态势能是摩擦表面相对运动动能减少的量度。摩擦能量（热力学）方法的实用主义有机地嵌入现代摩擦学的能量消耗和节约能源的一般问题中。