Background: Natural products are secondary metabolites obtained from plants, animals, and microorganisms with diverse chemical structures resulting in diverse biological functions and drug-like properties. Objective: This review article summarizes in detail the occurrence, detection, isolation, various pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of a natural compound i.e., 5-Allyl-1-methoxy- 2,3-methylenedioxybenzene commonly known as Myristicin. Methods: A relevant literature search was made using the keywords essential oil, mace, myristicin, nutmeg, and pharmacological activities from different databases such as PubMed, Sci Finder, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The literature search results presented articles from 1963 to 2022. Thereafter, the articles were carefully screened and selected for review. Results: Myristicin, an alkoxy-substituted allylbenzene is present in major to minor amounts in the essential oils obtained from different plant parts and exhibits various pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, and hepatoprotective. It forms 10 metabolites by reduction, demethylation, hydroxylation, ring formation, ring-opening, and conjugate formation. In the liver, myristicin has been metabolized by Cytochrome P450 complex enzymes to generate active metabolite (1ˈ hyroxymyristicin) responsible for cytotoxic, genotoxic and apoptotic effects (150 μM). But, myristicin at 600 μM does not produce enough 1ʼ-hydroxymyristicin to give the final toxicant. Conclusion: Myristicin poses no major risk to human health through the consumption of herbs and spices due to its presence in low amounts. It has great potential to be used in the traditional system of medicine. We hope that this review will provide complete knowledge about myristicin on a single platform.

中文翻译：

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肉豆蔻苷的出现、分离、药理潜力、代谢和毒性：天然存在的烷氧基取代的烯丙基苯

背景：天然产物是从植物、动物和微生物中获得的次级代谢产物，具有不同的化学结构，导致不同的生物功能和类药物特性。目的：这篇综述文章详细总结了天然化合物 5-烯丙基-1-甲氧基-2,3-亚甲基二氧基苯（俗称肉豆蔻素）的出现、检测、分离、各种药理特性、代谢和毒性。方法：使用关键词精油、肉豆蔻、肉豆蔻苷、肉豆蔻和药理活性，从 PubMed、Sci Finder、Science Direct 和 Google Scholar 等不同数据库中检索相关文献。文献检索结果呈现1963年至2022年的文章。此后，对这些文章进行了仔细的筛选和筛选。结果：肉豆蔻苷，烷氧基取代的烯丙基苯主要存在于从不同植物部分获得的精油中，并表现出各种药理学特性，例如抗菌、抗氧化剂、抗增殖、抗炎、杀虫和保肝。它通过还原、去甲基化、羟基化、成环、开环和缀合物形成形成 10 种代谢物。在肝脏中，肉豆蔻苷被细胞色素 P450 复合酶代谢，生成活性代谢物 (1ˈ 羟肉豆蔻苷)，负责细胞毒性、基因毒性和凋亡作用 (150 μM)。但是，600 μM 的肉豆蔻苷不能产生足够的 1'-羟基肉豆蔻苷来产生最终的毒物。结论：肉豆蔻苷由于含量较低，不会通过食用草药和香料对人类健康构成重大风险。它在传统医学体系中具有巨大的应用潜力。我们希望这篇综述能够在单一平台上提供有关肉豆蔻苷的完整知识。