Abstract

The genus Muscari Mill. (Asparagaceae Juss.) includes about 80 species distributed in Eurasia, mainly in the Mediterranean region. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that the taxa belonging to this group form a monophyletic clade and are closely related. However, the phylogeny and status of some taxa of Muscari sensu lato remain controversial. So far, most phylogenetic studies of the genus Muscari have used almost exclusively Mediterranean plant material, while representatives of the genus from the Carpathian region remain unexplored. In this work, we used the sequencing of three regions of chloroplast DNA, psbA-trnH, trnT-L, and trnL-F, to clarify the phylogenetic relationships in the genus Muscari, to assess the genetic polymorphism and taxonomic status of Ukrainian populations of M. botryoides, as well as specimens of other Muscari species from the Carpathian region. According to the results of the phylogenetic analysis, the genus Muscari is a monophyletic group that includes three subgenera: Muscari, Muscarimia, and Pseudomuscari. Leopoldia species have been placed in the subgenus Muscari. Specimens of M. botryoides from Ukraine and Austria together with M. transsilvanicum from Romania and M. serpentinicum/M. sandrasicum from Turkey form the clade “Botryoides”, one of the three main clades identified in the subgenus Muscari. A significant genetic distance between Ukrainian specimens of M. botryoides, specimens of this species from other habitats, and other species of the genus Muscari allows us to consider the Ukrainian specimens of M. botryoides as a new, previously undescribed species. A comparison of the sequences of the investigated regions of the chloroplast genome revealed genetic differences between two groups of Ukrainian populations of M. botryoides, which can be interpreted as the existence of two intraspecific forms.

中文翻译：

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从质体 DNA 序列推断喀尔巴阡穆斯卡里属成员的分子系统发育和遗传多样性

摘要

穆斯卡里穆斯卡里属。（Asparagaceae Juss.）包括约80种，分布于欧亚大陆，主要分布在地中海地区。最近的分子系统发育研究表明，属于该类群的类群形成单系进化枝，并且密切相关。然而， Muscari sensu lato的一些类群的系统发育和地位仍然存在争议。到目前为止，大多数穆斯卡里属的系统发育研究几乎完全使用地中海植物材料，而来自喀尔巴阡地区的该属的代表仍未被探索。在这项工作中，我们使用了叶绿体 DNA 的三个区域psbA-trnH、trnT-L和trnL-F的测序，以阐明该属的系统发育关系穆斯卡里，评估乌克兰M. botryoides种群以及来自喀尔巴阡地区的其他穆斯卡里物种的标本的遗传多态性和分类地位。根据系统发育分析结果，穆斯卡里属是一个单系群，包括三个亚属：穆斯卡里、穆斯卡里亚属和假穆斯卡里。Leopoldia物种已被归入Muscari亚属。来自乌克兰和奥地利的M. botryoides标本以及来自罗马尼亚的M. transsilvanicum和M. serpentinicum/M. 标本。山梨属来自土耳其的“Botryoides”分支，是穆斯卡里亚属中确定的三个主要分支之一。乌克兰M. botryoides标本、来自其他栖息地的该物种标本以及穆斯卡里属其他物种之间的显着遗传距离使我们能够将乌克兰M. botryoides标本视为一种新的、先前未描述的物种。对叶绿体基因组研究区域的序列进行比较，揭示了乌克兰M. botryoides种群的两组之间的遗传差异，这可以解释为存在两种种内形式。