Ten cases are identified of an unusual type of mesoscale windstorm in the United Kingdom between 2006 and 2021. The windstorms, which occurred in association with frontal rainbands, produced wind damage swaths no more than 20–30km wide, but sometimes extending for several hundred kilometres, often with embedded tornadoes. Storm structure and evolution are explored for two cases using radar data, surface observations, a 1.5-km gridlength model and damage reports obtained from social media platforms and post-event damage surveys. Findings are summarised in the form of a conceptual model, and some questions are posed for future research.

中文翻译：

---

与龙卷风相关的中尺度气旋风暴和锋面雨带的局部风害

2006 年至 2021 年间，英国发生了 10 起不寻常的中尺度风暴。这些风暴与锋面雨带相关，产生的风害范围不超过 20-30 公里宽，但有时会延伸数百公里，通常带有嵌入式龙卷风。使用雷达数据、表面观测、1.5 公里网格长度模型以及从社交媒体平台和事后损害调查获得的损害报告，探讨了两种情况下的风暴结构和演变。研究结果以概念模型的形式进行总结，并为未来的研究提出了一些问题。