Live (not decayed) radioisotopes on the Earth and Moon are messengers from recent nearby astrophysical explosions. Measurements of 60Fe in deep-sea samples, Antarctic snow, and lunar regolith reveal two pulses about 3 Myr and 7 Myr ago. Detection of 244Pu in a deep-sea crust indicates a recent r-process event. We review the ultrasensitive accelerator mass spectrometry techniques that enable these findings. We then explore the implications for astrophysics, including supernova nucleosynthesis, particularly the r-process, as well as supernova dust production and the formation of the Local Bubble that envelops the Solar System. The implications go beyond nuclear physics and astrophysics to include studies of heliophysics, astrobiology, geology, and evolutionary biology.

中文翻译：

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来自附近天体物理爆炸的深海和月球放射性同位素

地球和月球上的活（未衰变）放射性同位素是最近附近天体物理爆炸的信使。测量值60深海样本、南极雪和月球风化层中的铁揭示了大约 3 密尔和 7 密尔前的两个脉冲。检测244深海地壳中的 Pu 表明最近发生了 r 过程事件。我们回顾了实现这些发现的超灵敏加速器质谱技术。然后，我们探索对天体物理学的影响，包括超新星核合成，特别是 r 过程，以及超新星尘埃的产生和包围太阳系的局部气泡的形成。其影响超越了核物理学和天体物理学，还包括太阳物理学、天体生物学、地质学和进化生物学的研究。