It took France almost fifty years to attain its officially animal tuberculosis (TB) free status in 2000, granting the country a favourable position for international live animal trading. The initial TB control program has been adapted at different times in its history in order to suit changing epidemiological contexts: it was first focused on detection and elimination of infected animals while later on protecting TB free herds became a priority. In spite of all the efforts put into the program, final eradication has still not been achieved. Instead, the eradication process has stalled, most probably due to changes in breeding practices in the last 30 years. Indeed, the beef industry has overtaken the milk industry, which has led to the occurrence of new TB risks. Novel epidemiological situations in some regions of extensive beef cattle farming, where wildlife species (wild boar, badger) are also infected, have emerged. More adapted measures have thus been implemented, progressively evaluated and improved in order to reinforce prevention of infection, to follow up with the eradication goal and to strengthen, coordinate and re-motivate field resources. These include, among others, introduction of biosecurity measures in the herd, risk based surveillance and management of wildlife and cattle, improvement of screening in the field and at the abattoir, better diagnosis, but also improvement of communication, awareness, training activities of the main field actors. Very importantly, this new plan has been established through the participation of the majority of involved stakeholders -the farmer industry, hunter associations, veterinarians, scientists and the government-, through coordinated specific steering committees and ad hoc working groups. Without doubt, the main challenge for the next few years is reinforcing communication to encourage and strengthen the program in an already faltering agro-social system. In addition, it will be essential to continue sustaining national research and international collaborations to feed the program with relevant scientific data enabling the authorities to undertake the most pertinent measures for tackling the disease in the short term.

中文翻译：

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无病国家法国的动物结核病控制：漫长而曲折的道路真的能实现根除吗？

法国花了近五十年的时间才于 2000 年正式获得无动物结核病 (TB) 地位，从而使该国在国际活体动物贸易中处于有利地位。最初的结核病控制计划在其历史上的不同时期进行了调整，以适应不断变化的流行病学背景：它首先侧重于检测和消除受感染的动物，后来保护无结核病的畜群成为优先事项。尽管为该计划付出了一切努力，但最终的根除仍未实现。相反，根除过程已经停滞，很可能是由于过去 30 年育种方法的变化。事实上，牛肉行业已经超过了牛奶行业，导致了新的结核病风险的出现。一些肉牛粗放养殖地区出现了新的流行病学情况，野生动物（野猪、獾）也受到感染。因此，我们已实施、逐步评估和改进了更加适应的措施，以加强感染预防，落实根除目标，并加强、协调和重新调动现场资源。其中包括在畜群中引入生物安全措施、对野生动物和牛进行基于风险的监测和管理、改进现场和屠宰场的筛查、更好的诊断，以及改进畜群的沟通、意识和培训活动。主力场演员。非常重要的是，这项新计划是通过大多数相关利益相关者（农民行业、狩猎协会、兽医、科学家和政府）的参与，通过协调一致的具体指导委员会和特设工作组制定的。毫无疑问，未来几年的主要挑战是加强沟通，以鼓励和加强本已摇摇欲坠的农业社会体系中的计划。此外，必须继续维持国家研究和国际合作，为该计划提供相关科学数据，使当局能够在短期内采取最相关的措施来应对该疾病。