DNA methylation with 5-methylcytosine (5mC) has been reported in the genome of several eukaryotes, with marked differences between vertebrates and invertebrates. DNA methylation is poorly understood as its role in evolution in insects. Drosophila gouveai (cluster Drosophila buzzatii) presents larvae that develop obligatorily in necrotic tissues of cacti in nature, with the distribution of populations in South America, and plasticity of phenotypes in insect–plant interaction. We characterize organisms at developmental stages and analyze variations at multiple methylation-sensitive loci in pupae, and adult flies using methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism. We obtained 326 loci with CCGG targets in the genome of D. gouveai. Genomic regions with molecular lengths from 100 to 700 pb were most informative about methylation states. Multiple loci show differences in methylation-sensitive sites (MSL) concerning developmental stages, such as in pupae (MSL = 40), female reproductive tissue (MSL = 76), and male reproductive tissues (MSL = 58). Our results are the first evidence of genome-wide methylation in D. gouveai organisms.

中文翻译：

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嗜果蝇物种发育过程中基因组差异甲基化的证据

据报道，几种真核生物的基因组中存在 5-甲基胞嘧啶 (5mC) 的 DNA 甲基化，在脊椎动物和无脊椎动物之间存在显着差异。人们对 DNA 甲基化在昆虫进化中的作用知之甚少。果蝇 gouveai（果蝇丛）是在自然界中仙人掌坏死组织中强制发育的幼虫，其种群分布在南美洲，并且具有昆虫与植物相互作用中表型的可塑性。我们表征发育阶段的生物体，并使用甲基化敏感扩增多态性分析蛹和成蝇中多个甲基化敏感位点的变异。我们在D. gouveai基因组中获得了 326 个具有 CCGG 靶标的位点。分子长度为 100 至 700 pb 的基因组区域最能提供甲基化状态的信息。多个位点在发育阶段的甲基化敏感位点 (MSL) 上存在差异，例如蛹 (MSL = 40)、雌性生殖组织 (MSL = 76) 和雄性生殖组织 (MSL = 58)。我们的结果是D. gouveai生物体中全基因组甲基化的第一个证据。