Theta oscillations are believed to coordinate neuronal activity related to human cognition, especially for memory functions. Theta power during learning and retrieval has been found to correlate with memory performance success. Additionally, up-regulating theta oscillations during a post-encoding epoch crucial for memory consolidation was previously shown to benefit long-term memory for acquired motor sequences, pictures, and object-location associations. However, it remains to be determined whether such effects would be found for more ecological aspects of long-term episodic memory. Therefore, the current study assessed neurofeedback-based theta upregulation effects on movie memory. After viewing a 15-minute silent, narrative movie, participants engaged in neurofeedback-based theta/beta up-regulation, neurofeedback beta/theta up-regulation as an active control condition, or an unrelated passive control task. Memory was tested three times: once immediately after watching the movie (as baseline); 24 hours thereafter; and once again 1 week later. Memory performance 1 week after encoding was significantly enhanced in the theta/beta up-regulation group compared with the other groups. Additionally, changes in neurofeedback theta/beta ratio from baseline EEG recordings correlated with long-term memory gains in retrieving the movie's content. These findings highlight the relationship between post-learning theta oscillations and the consolidation of episodic memory for a naturalistic event.

Theta 振荡被认为可以协调与人类认知相关的神经元活动，尤其是记忆功能。人们发现学习和检索过程中的 Theta 能量与记忆表现的成功相关。此外，之前的研究表明，在编码后时期上调对记忆巩固至关重要的θ振荡有利于获得的运动序列、图片和物体位置关联的长期记忆。然而，对于长期情景记忆的更多生态方面是否会发现这种影响仍有待确定。因此，本研究评估了基于神经反馈的 theta 上调对电影记忆的影响。观看 15 分钟的无声叙事电影后，参与者参与基于神经反馈的 θ/β 上调、神经反馈 β/θ 上调作为主动控制条件或不相关的被动控制任务。记忆力测试了三次：一次是在看完电影后立即测试的（作为基线）；一次是在观看电影后立即测试的（作为基线）；此后 24 小时；1周后再次。与其他组相比，theta/beta 上调组在编码后 1 周的记忆表现显着增强。此外，基线脑电图记录的神经反馈θ/β比值的变化与检索电影内容时的长期记忆增益相关。这些发现强调了学习后θ振荡与自然事件的情景记忆巩固之间的关系。