The intensifications in the agricultural landscape and the application of pesticides can cause adverse effects on the fitness of organisms in that landscape. Here, we investigated whether habitats with different agricultural pressures influenced acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity – a biomarker for exposure to pesticides, respiration rate, and resistance to starvation in the ground beetle Poecilus cupreus. Two differently structured landscapes were selected for the study, one dominated by small (S) and another by large (L) fields. Within each landscape three habitat types were selected: in the S landscape, these were habitats with medium (M), small (S) and no canola (meadow, 0) coverage (i.e., SM, SS, S0), and in the L landscape habitats with large (L), medium (M) and no canola (meadow, 0) coverage (i.e., LL, LM, L0), representing different levels of agricultural pressure. The activity of AChE was the highest in beetles from canola-free habitats (S0 and L0), being significantly higher than in beetles from the SM and SS habitats. The mean respiration rate corrected for body mass was also the highest in S0 and L0 beetles, with significant differences between populations from L0 vs. SS and from S0 vs. SS. Only beetles from S0, SS, L0, and LM were numerous enough to assess the resistance to starvation. Individuals from the LM habitat showed better survival compared to the canola-free habitat in the same landscape (L0), whereas in S landscape the SS beetles survived worse than those from S0, suggesting that characteristics of L landscape may lead to developing mechanisms of starvation resistance of P. cupreus in response to agricultural pressure.

农业景观的集约化和杀虫剂的使用可能对该景观中生物的适应性产生不利影响。在这里，我们调查了不同农业压力的栖息地是否影响乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活性，乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活性是地甲虫Poecilus cupreus接触农药、呼吸速率和饥饿抵抗力的生物标志物。研究选择了两种不同结构的景观，一种以小田地（S）为主，另一种以大田地（L）为主。在每个景观中选择了三种栖息地类型：在 S 景观中，这些栖息地具有中（M）、小（S）和无油菜（草甸，0）覆盖（即 SM、SS、S0），而在 L具有大（L）、中（M）和无油菜（草甸，0）覆盖度（即LL、LM、L0）的景观栖息地，代表不同程度的农业压力。无油菜栖息地（S0 和 L0）的甲虫中 AChE 活性最高，显着高于 SM 和 SS 栖息地的甲虫。根据体重校正的平均呼吸率在 S0 和 L0 甲虫中也是最高的，L0 与 SS 以及 S0 与 SS 的种群之间存在显着差异。只有来自 S0、SS、L0 和 LM 的甲虫数量足以评估其对饥饿的抵抗力。与相同景观 (L0) 中无油菜籽的栖息地相比，来自 LM 栖息地的个体表现出更好的存活率，而在 S 景观中，SS 甲虫的存活率比来自 S0 的个体更差，这表明 L 景观的特征可能导致饥饿机制的发展铜P. cupreus对农业压力的抵抗力。