There is a high retail demand for ‘Crimson Seedless’ grape. Cluster shape, berry size, colour, and sugar contents influence the overall fruit quality and marketability. In many commercial vineyards of flood-irrigated clay soils under warm and humid semi-arid climates, adequate irrigation may lead to an enhanced fruit set that could potentially be associated with restricted berry growth, compact clusters, and poor berry colour and taste. To assess the role of some agronomic practices that may influence the canopy microclimate, and affect primary and secondary metabolites, seven treatments arranged in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) system with three replicates each (three vines per replicate) were applied as follow; the control (T1), 5-leaf basal defoliation at pre-bloom (BDPB) (T2), BDPB + foliar spray (FS) of 200 mg · L–1 salicylic acid (SA) (T3), BDPB + FS of 20 mg · L–1 cyanocobalamin (CCA) (T4), 5-leaf basal defoliation at full bloom (BDFB) (T5), BDFP + SA (T6) and BDFB + CCA (T7). Foliar applications were applied at 1) 2 weeks after the beginning of vegetative growth, 2) full bloom and 3) veraison stages. The analysis of variance (ANOVA), the principle component analysis (PCA) and the two-way hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) indicated that BDPB (T2) generally has a better effect than that of BDFB (T5). The most pronounced effect on vegetative growth (shoot length and leaf area), photosynthesis activity (leaf chlorophyll and carbohydrate contents), fruit weight and dimensions, and total yield was observed in the case of T3, followed by T6, whereas concerning berry firmness, colour (anthocyanins) and sensory characteristics (soluble solids: acids ratio, total sugars and phenols), the most pronounced effect was observed in the case of T4, followed by T7.

中文翻译：

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基部脱叶、水杨酸和氰钴胺改善半干旱地中海气候下洪水灌溉的“Crimson Seedless”葡萄树的生理生化特性

“Crimson 无核”葡萄的零售需求很高。果串形状、浆果大小、颜色和糖含量影响水果的整体质量和适销性。在温暖潮湿的半干旱气候下，许多采用漫灌粘土的商业葡萄园中，充足的灌溉可能会导致坐果率增加，这可能与浆果生长受限、集群紧凑以及浆果颜色和味道较差有关。为了评估一些可能影响冠层小气候以及初级和次级代谢物的农艺措施的作用，采用随机完整区组设计（RCBD）系统中排列的七种处理，每个处理三个重复（每个重复三个藤蔓），如下所示；对照(T1)、花前5叶基部落叶(BDPB)(T2)、BDPB+叶面喷施(FS)200 mg·L–1水杨酸（SA）（T3），BDPB+FS 20 mg·L–1氰钴胺 (CCA) (T4)、盛花时 5 叶基部落叶 (BDFB) (T5)、BDFP + SA (T6) 和 BDFB + CCA (T7)。叶面施用在 1) 营养生长开始后 2 周、2) 盛花期和 3) 转色期进行。方差分析(ANOVA)、主成分分析(PCA)和双向层次聚类分析(HCA)表明BDPB(T2)总体效果优于BDFB(T5)。T3 对营养生长（芽长和叶面积）、光合作用活性（叶叶绿素和碳水化合物含量）、果实重量和尺寸以及总产量的影响最显着，其次是 T6，而就浆果硬度而言，颜色（花青素）和感官特征（可溶性固形物：酸的比例、总糖和酚），