Pure nickel and four binary Ni–Cr (5, 10, 20 and 30 wt%) alloys were exposed to Ar–20O₂, Ar–20O₂–20H₂O and Ar–20H₂O (vol.%) at 700°C. In dry and wet O₂, three Ni–Cr alloys (5, 10 and 20 wt%) formed a three-layered structure: an external NiO layer, an inner oxide layer of NiO + Cr₂O₃ and an internal oxidation zone (IOZ) with Cr₂O₃ dispersed. The Ni–30Cr alloy formed a continuous chromia layer, with locally outer NiO islands. In pure water vapor, all alloys underwent internal oxidation, nickel metal expulsion and NiO formation. Compared with the results at 650°C, increasing the temperature to 700°C did not alter the morphology of the oxide scale, but enhanced the scale growth kinetics. A significant difference between these two temperatures was that the strong retarding effect of water vapor on NiO formation in oxygen at 650°C became insignificant at 700°C. However, in water vapor only condition, NiO formation remained much slower at both temperatures. The effects of water vapor and oxygen partial pressure on NiO formation of different alloys and the effect of temperature on scale growth kinetics and morphology were discussed.

纯镍和四种二元 Ni–Cr（5、10、20 和 30 wt%）合金在 700° 下暴露于 Ar–20O ₂、Ar–20O ₂ –20H ₂ O 和 Ar–20H ₂ O（vol.%） C。在干和湿 O ₂中，三种 Ni-Cr 合金（5、10 和 20 wt%）形成三层结构：外部 NiO 层、NiO + Cr 2 O 3 的内部氧化层和_内部氧化_层（ IOZ) 与 Cr ₂ O ₃分散了。Ni-30Cr 合金形成连续的氧化铬层，并具有局部外部 NiO 岛。在纯水蒸气中，所有合金都会发生内部氧化、镍金属排出和氧化镍形成。与650℃的结果相比，温度升高到700℃并没有改变氧化皮的形态，但增强了氧化皮的生长动力学。这两个温度之间的一个显着差异是，水蒸气在 650°C 下对氧气中 NiO 形成的强烈阻碍作用在 700°C 下变得不明显。然而，在仅有水蒸气的条件下，两种温度下 NiO 的形成速度仍然慢得多。讨论了水蒸气和氧分压对不同合金NiO形成的影响以及温度对氧化皮生长动力学和形貌的影响。