Abstract

The aim of the research was to determine the quality and energy performance indicators of a precision seeder with electric drives for working tools equipped with a seed-distribution control system that enables the remote control of the seeding unit. We used seeders MC-8 with drive through a gearbox from a FL57BLS04 180W DC motor and TC–M‑4150A seeders with a seed-distribution apparatus produced by MaterMass and driven through a gearbox and chain drives from a FL86BLS brushless motor (220 W). A SDR-960-48 pulse power supply was used to feed the seed-distribution apparatus. The quality of operation of the seed-distribution apparatus when using seeds of various row crops was determined by the method of recording the time intervals between seed ejections from the distribution disk using a seed sensor installed in the furrow opener. When changing the rotation speed of the seeder distribution disk from 20 to 60 rpm, the variation coefficient of seed ejections varied from 0.15 to 0.35, and the power consumption ranged from 30 to 110 W. The power consumption for the fan drive did not exceed 2.5 kW, and the total power consumption of the electric motors for driving all the seed-distribution apparatuses and the fan was 4.0 kW. For the TC-M-4150A seeder, the power consumption for driving the seed-distribution apparatuses was slightly higher and amounted to at least 3.0 kW in operating modes. A control and management system for seeding with a domestic electrified seeder based on the Arduino Uno board is proposed. Its program includes two subprograms that take into account the speed of movement of the seeding unit. The rotation speed of the distribution disk and the number of skips and duplicates are determined on its basis. The use of electrified drives and seed-distribution control systems in precision seeders enables stepless adjustment of the seed-sowing rate and the control of the sowing process from the tractor cabin.

中文翻译：

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电气化播种机对中耕作物播种的控制

摘要

该研究的目的是确定带有电动驱动工作机具的精量播种机的质量和能源性能指标，该播种机配备了种子分配控制系统，可以远程控制播种装置。我们使用了通过 FL57BLS04 180W 直流电机变速箱驱动的 MC-8 播种机，以及配备 MaterMass 生产的种子分配装置的 TC–M‑4150A 播种机，并通过 FL86BLS 无刷电机（220 W）的变速箱和链条驱动器驱动。使用 SDR-960-48 脉冲电源为种子分配装置供电。当使用各种中耕作物的种子时，种子分配装置的操作质量通过使用安装在开沟器中的种子传感器记录种子从分配盘喷出之间的时间间隔的方法来确定。当播种器分配盘的转速从20到60rpm变化时，种子喷射的变化系数在0.15到0.35之间变化，功耗在30到110W之间变化。风扇驱动器的功耗不超过2.5 kW，驱动所有种子分配装置和风扇的电动机的总功耗为4.0kW。对于 TC-M-4150A 播种机，驱动种子分配装置的功耗稍高，在运行模式下至少达到 3.0 kW。提出了一种基于Arduino Uno板的家用电动播种机播种控制与管理系统。其程序包括两个考虑播种装置移动速度的子程序。分配盘的旋转速度以及跳过和重复的次数是在此基础上确定的。在精量播种机中使用电气化驱动器和种子分配控制系统，可以在拖拉机驾驶室中无级调节播种量和控制播种过程。