Abstract

Surveys have been performed in order to determine the key genetic parameters (variability, heritability, and repeatability) of milk production traits of camels of different breeds in current livestock populations to optimize effective selection. The research objects are the camels of the Kazakh Bactrian breed (200 head), the Turkmen Arvana dromedary breed (120 head), the Kazakh dromedary breed (120 head) reared in South and Southeast Kazakhstan, and the Mongolian Bactrian breed (30 head) of the Tuvan population reared in the forest-steppe and dry-steppe zones of the Republic of Tuva in the Russian Federation. The studied female camel age defined focused on lactation records per productive lifespan was in the range of 1 to 12 lactation cycles. The surveys were carried out in 2020–2022. Female camels of the Kazakh Bactrian, Turkmen Arvana dromedary, Kazakh dromedary, and Tuvan population Mongolian Bactrian breeds are capable to produce 1111.2 ± 45.1 kg, 1588.8 ± 58.4 kg, 1870.0 ± 47.5 kg, and 933.5 ± 29.8 kg 4%-fat milk over 210-day lactation periods, respectively. Coefficients of variability in the milk yield, fat content, protein content, fat yield, and protein yield comprised 19.7–35.9, 6.2–9.9, 3.9–7.2, 22.2–41.9, and 19.5–36.9%, respectively. Coefficients of heritability of the studied breeding traits had the mean range expressed as h² – 0.25–0.55. Coefficients of repeatability of milk production for the first to second lactation cycles, mass fractions of milk fat and protein, milk fat yield, and milk protein yield comprised 0.65–0.82, 0.58–0.85 and 0.59–0.88, 0.75–0.82, and 0.72–0.83, respectively. The coefficient of correlation between the values for milk production of female camels of first foaling over the 105- and 210-day lactation periods (P < 0.001) varied from +0.42 to +0.78, which indicates the reliability of the milk production forecast based on the assessment data over the first 105 days of lactation.

中文翻译：

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哈萨克斯坦雌性骆驼产奶量的遗传参数

摘要

为了确定当前牲畜种群中不同品种骆驼产奶性状的关键遗传参数（变异性、遗传性和重复性），进行了调查，以优化有效选择。研究对象为哈萨克双峰驼品种（200头）、土库曼阿尔瓦纳单峰骆驼品种（120头）、哈萨克斯坦南部和东南部饲养的哈萨克单峰骆驼品种（120头）、蒙古双峰品种骆驼（30头）在俄罗斯联邦图瓦共和国的森林草原和干旱草原地区饲养的图瓦人口。所研究的雌性骆驼年龄定义重点是每个生产寿命的泌乳记录，范围为 1 至 12 个泌乳周期。调查于 2020 年至 2022 年进行。哈萨克双峰驼、土库曼阿瓦纳单峰骆驼、哈萨克单峰骆驼和图瓦族蒙古双峰驼品种在 210 天的哺乳期内分别能够生产 1111.2 ± 45.1 公斤、1588.8 ± 58.4 公斤、1870.0 ± 47.5 公斤和 933.5 ± 29.8 公斤 4% 脂肪牛奶。产奶量、脂肪含量、蛋白质含量、脂肪产量和蛋白质产量的变异系数分别为19.7-35.9、6.2-9.9、3.9-7.2、22.2-41.9和19.5-36.9%。所研究育种性状的遗传力系数的平均范围表示为 分别为 9-7.2、22.2-41.9 和 19.5-36.9%。所研究育种性状的遗传力系数的平均范围表示为 分别为 9-7.2、22.2-41.9 和 19.5-36.9%。所研究育种性状的遗传力系数的平均范围表示为小时² – 0.25–0.55。第一至第二泌乳周期的产奶量重复系数、乳脂和蛋白质的质量分数、乳脂产量和乳蛋白产量分别为0.65-0.82、0.58-0.85和0.59-0.88、0.75-0.82和0.72-分别为 0.83。母骆驼在 105 天和 210 天泌乳期的第一胎产奶量值之间的相关系数（P < 0.001）在 +0.42 至 +0.78 之间变化，这表明基于哺乳期前 105 天的评估数据。