Lymphoma is a heterogeneous group of malignancies arising from lymphocytes, which poses a significant challenge in terms of diagnosis and treatment due to its diverse subtypes and underlying mechanisms. This review aims to explore the shared and distinct features of various forms of lymphoma predisposing conditions, with a focus on genetic, immunological and molecular aspects. While diseases such as autoimmune disorders, inborn errors of immunity and iatrogenic immunodeficiencies are biologically and immunologically distinct, each of these diseases results in profound immune dysregulation and a predisposition to lymphoma development. Interestingly, the increased risk is often skewed towards a particular subtype of lymphoma. Patients with inborn errors of immunity in particular present with extreme forms of lymphoma predisposition, providing a unique opportunity to study the underlying mechanisms. External factors such as chronic infections and environmental exposures further modulate the risk of lymphoma development. Common features of conditions predisposing to lymphoma include: persistent inflammation, recurrent DNA damage or malfunctioning DNA repair, impaired tumor surveillance and viral clearance, and dysregulation of fundamental cellular processes such as activation, proliferation and apoptosis. Our growing understanding of the underlying mechanisms of lymphomagenesis provides opportunities for early detection, prevention and tailored treatment of lymphoma development.

淋巴瘤是一组由淋巴细胞产生的异质性恶性肿瘤，由于其不同的亚型和潜在机制，对诊断和治疗提出了重大挑战。本综述旨在探讨各种形式的淋巴瘤诱发因素的共同和独特特征，重点关注遗传、免疫学和分子方面。虽然自身免疫性疾病、先天性免疫缺陷和医源性免疫缺陷等疾病在生物学和免疫学上是不同的，但这些疾病中的每一种都会导致严重的免疫失调和淋巴瘤发展的倾向。有趣的是，增加的风险通常偏向于淋巴瘤的特定亚型。患有先天性免疫缺陷的患者尤其具有极端形式的淋巴瘤易感性，这为研究潜在机制提供了独特的机会。慢性感染和环境暴露等外部因素进一步调节淋巴瘤发展的风险。诱发淋巴瘤的常见特征包括：持续性炎症、复发性 DNA 损伤或 DNA 修复故障、肿瘤监测和病毒清除受损，以及激活、增殖和凋亡等基本细胞过程失调。我们对淋巴瘤发生的潜在机制的日益了解为淋巴瘤发生的早期检测、预防和定制治疗提供了机会。