The research in energy storage and conversion is playing a critical role in energy policy as the innovation and technological progress are essential for achieving the energy transition and climate neutrality goals. Hydrogen Fuel Cell technology is considered a strategic element in the pursuit of sustainable and clean energy solutions. This technology is increasingly gaining attention in recent years as a potential substitute to conventional non-renewable energy sources. Fuel cell technology can be employed for domestic/commercial use along with powering the transportation sector which currently employs the use of conventional battery systems. However, these systems pose severe limitations with respect to longer charging times and limited distance range. This review article aims at providing a comprehensive methodical overview of hydrogen-based fuel cell technology along with key concepts, present day scenarios, including overview of the market and industry trends, government policies and initiatives, along with major stakeholders involved in scaling up the technology for mass consumption. The outlook of fuel cells, including their capability to revolutionise the energy sector is discussed. The technological advancements and breakthroughs on the horizon along with the challenges and safety concerns related to the widespread acceptance of fuel cells are analysed.

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氢基燃料电池技术及应用综述

能源存储和转换的研究在能源政策中发挥着至关重要的作用，因为创新和技术进步对于实现能源转型和气候中和目标至关重要。氢燃料电池技术被认为是追求可持续和清洁能源解决方案的战略要素。近年来，这项技术作为传统不可再生能源的潜在替代品越来越受到关注。燃料电池技术可用于家庭/商业用途，并为目前使用传统电池系统的运输部门提供动力。然而，这些系统在较长的充电时间和有限的距离范围方面存在严重的局限性。本文旨在提供氢基燃料电池技术的全面系统概述以及关键概念、当前情景，包括市场和行业趋势概述、政府政策和举措，以及参与扩大技术规模的主要利益相关者适合大众消费。讨论了燃料电池的前景，包括其彻底改变能源行业的能力。分析了即将出现的技术进步和突破，以及与燃料电池广泛接受相关的挑战和安全问题。