The response displacement method (RDM) is recommended for the seismic analysis of underground structures in the transverse direction for many codes, including bases for design of structures-seismic actions for designing geotechnical works (ISO 23469) and code for seismic design of urban rail transit structures (GB 50909-2014). However, there are some obvious limitations in the application of RDM. Springs and the shear stress of the soil could be approximately evaluated for the structures having a simple cross section, such as rectangular and circular structures. It is necessary to propose simplified seismic analysis methods for structures with complex cross sections. This paper refers to the idea of RDM and proposes three generalized response displacement methods (GRDM). In GRDM1, a part of the soil surrounding a structure is selected to generate a generalized underground structure with a rectangular cross section, and the same analysis model as RDM is applied to analyze the responses of the structure. In GRDM2, a hollow soil model without a generalized structure is used to compute the equivalent load caused by the relative displacement of the soil, and the soil-structure interaction model is applied to calculate the responses of the structure. In GRDM3, a continuous soil model is applied to compute the equivalent load caused by the relative displacement and shear stress of the soil, and the soil-structure interaction model is applied to analyze the responses of the structure, which is the same as the model used in GRDM2. The time-history analysis method (THAM) is used to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed simplified methods. Results show that the error of GRDM1 is about 20%, while the error is only 5% for GRDM2 and GRDM3. Among the three proposed methods, GRDM3 has obvious advantages regarding calculation efficiency and accuracy. Therefore, it is recommended to use GRDM3 for the seismic response analysis of underground structures that have conventional simple or complex cross sections.

许多规范推荐使用响应位移法（RDM）进行地下结构横向抗震分析，包括《结构设计基础-岩土工程设计地震作用》（ISO 23469）和《城市轨道交通抗震设计规范》结构（GB 50909-2014）。然而，RDM的应用存在一些明显的局限性。对于具有简单横截面的结构，例如矩形和圆形结构，可以近似评估弹簧和土壤的剪应力。有必要针对复杂截面结构提出简化的抗震分析方法。本文借鉴RDM的思想，提出了三种广义响应位移方法（GRDM）。在 GRDM1 中，选择结构周围的部分土壤生成具有矩形横截面的广义地下结构，并应用与RDM相同的分析模型来分析结构的响应。在GRDM2中，使用没有广义结构的空心土模型来计算土体相对位移引起的等效荷载，并应用土-结构相互作用模型来计算结构的响应。在GRDM3中，采用连续土模型计算土体相对位移和剪应力引起的等效荷载，并采用土-结构相互作用模型分析结构的响应，与模型相同在 GRDM2 中使用。时程分析方法（THAM）用于评估所提出的简化方法的准确性。结果表明，GRDM1的误差约为20%，而GRDM2和GRDM3的误差仅为5%。在这三种方法中，GRDM3在计算效率和精度方面具有明显的优势。因此，建议使用GRDM3进行常规简单或复杂截面地下结构的地震响应分析。