A geological model related to coal-rock electromagnetic parameters is constructed in this work using coal-rock media and coal-rock interfaces as the research objects for electromagnetic wave propagation response. An in-depth analysis was conducted to examine the response characteristics of the electromagnetic wave detection technology for coal and rock geological orientations while drilling in coal mines. We also studied the detection and identification methods and applicability of coal and rock interfaces. Next, we simulated the response characteristics of the instrument in the coal seam and established a calculation method for the orientation of the interface between the roof and floor of the coal seam and the distance between the instrument and the coal seam’s interface. The quasi-Newton method was used to perform inversion calculations on the theoretical model of the response of the borehole-while-drilling azimuth electromagnetic wave resistivity tool, and the simulation data were inverted in real time, thereby reducing the number of calculations of the Jacobian matrix, improving the inversion speed, and decreasing the level of dependence on the initial value. Furthermore, we obtained the signal response law of electromagnetic wave detection in low-resistivity aquifers and abnormal geological bodies (e.g., collapse columns and gangue interlayers) based on forward and inversion numerical simulation. Finally, by investigating the directional electromotive force simulation imaging method of the orthogonal coil, we verified the feasibility of the application of azimuth electromagnetic wave resistivity in high-resistivity coal seams. In this way, we can provide the basis for the detection of coal seam interface, geological anomaly body, and geological guidance application.

本文以煤岩介质和煤岩界面作为电磁波传播响应的研究对象，构建了煤岩电磁参数相关的地质模型。深入分析煤矿随钻电磁波煤岩地质方位检测技术的响应特性。研究了煤岩界面的检测识别方法及适用性。接下来，模拟了仪器在煤层中的响应特性，建立了煤层顶底板界面方位以及仪器与煤层界面距离的计算方法。采用拟牛顿法对随钻方位电磁波电阻率仪响应理论模型进行反演计算，实时反演模拟数据，减少雅可比行列式的计算次数矩阵，提高反演速度，降低对初值的依赖程度。进一步，通过正反演数值模拟，得到了低阻含水层和异常地质体（塌陷柱、煤矸石夹层）电磁波探测的信号响应规律。最后，通过研究正交线圈的方向电动势模拟成像方法，验证了方位电磁波电阻率在高阻煤层应用的可行性。从而为煤层界面、地质异常体的探测以及地质引导应用提供依据。