Heart failure (HF) is a significant public health problem worldwide. It has long been noted that premenopausal women, compared to postmenopausal women and men, have lower rates for developing this disease, as well as subsequent morbidity and mortality. This difference has been attributed to estrogen playing a cardioprotective role in these women, though exactly how it does so remains unclear. In this review, we examine the presence of estrogen receptors within the cardiovascular system, as well as the role they play behind the cardioprotective effect attributed to estrogen. Furthermore, we highlight the underlying mechanisms behind their alleviation of HF, as well as possible treatment approaches, such as hormone replacement therapy and exercise regimens, to manipulate these mechanisms in treating and preventing HF.

心力衰竭（HF）是世界范围内的一个重大公共卫生问题。人们早就注意到，与绝经后女性和男性相比，绝经前女性患这种疾病的几率以及随后的发病率和死亡率较低。这种差异归因于雌激素在这些女性中发挥着心脏保护作用，但具体如何发挥作用仍不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们研究了心血管系统中雌激素受体的存在，以及它们在雌激素的心脏保护作用背后所发挥的作用。此外，我们强调了它们缓解心力衰竭背后的潜在机制，以及可能的治疗方法，例如激素替代疗法和运动疗法，以操纵这些机制来治疗和预防心力衰竭。