This paper numerically evaluates the effect of secondary reinforcement on the value and location of the maximum reinforcement load along the primary reinforcement layers (T_max) in geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) walls under working stress conditions. Data from three instrumented sections of a well-instrumented GRS wall were used for model validation. A parametric study was carried out considering different controlling factors (i.e. the vertical reinforcement spacing, facing type and secondary reinforcement stiffness and length). The results show that for a constant relative soil-reinforcement stiffness index, the variation of the vertical reinforcement spacing and stiffness may not affect the location and normalised value of T_max. In general, for the conventionally used type of reinforcement, the secondary reinforcement inclusion reduces T_max to values lower than those corresponding to the active condition (K_a). For a given facing type, the combined effect of the secondary reinforcement length and stiffness is the main factor that controls the T_max location. In general, increasing the secondary reinforcement stiffness and length moves the location of T_max from the back of the facing to a distance corresponding to the length of the secondary reinforcement layers. In addition, for this condition, a flexible face model performs similarly to a block face model.

中文翻译：

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二次加固对最大加固荷载值及位置的影响

本文数值计算了在工作应力条件下，二次加固对土工合成材料加筋土（GRS）墙沿一次加固层的最大加固荷载（ T _{max ）的值和位置的影响。}来自仪器齐全的 GRS 墙的三个仪器部分的数据用于模型验证。考虑不同的控制因素（即垂直钢筋间距、饰面类型和二次钢筋刚度和长度）进行了参数研究。结果表明，对于恒定的相对加筋刚度指数，竖向加筋间距和刚度的变化可能不会影响T _max的位置和归一化值。一般来说，对于传统使用的钢筋类型，二次钢筋夹杂物将T _max降低至低于对应于活性条件( Ka ₎的值。对于给定的饰面类型，二次钢筋长度和刚度的综合效应是控制T _max位置的主要因素。一般来说，增加二级加固刚度和长度会将T _max的位置从饰面背面移动到与二级加固层的长度相对应的距离。此外，对于这种情况，柔性人脸模型的表现与块人脸模型类似。