Small-scale fisheries are vital to millions of rural people, but surprisingly little is known about the environmental and socio-economic factors that guide rural peoples' decisions to adopt a fishery-oriented livelihood. We analyzed data from a large-scale household survey of 3929 households in 235 rural communities in the Peruvian Amazon to develop multi-scalar quantitative models to explain engagement in fishing and the relationship between fishing livelihoods and poverty. Households harvested an average of 1000 kg of fish and sold 450 kg over the 12 months preceding interviews. The mean total annual income was 3119 USD per household and fishing contributed 27% to total income. Access to extensive floodplain habitat, geographical isolation, and an available workforce were important drivers of fishing activity, while poor market connectivity and limited financial capital restricted households from increasing the scale of market-oriented fishing. Wealthier households generally harvested more fish, whereas reliance on fisheries was greatest among poorer households who harvested less fish. Fisheries management and conservation initiatives in developing regions must consider the distinct drivers of fishing specialization across the full wealth spectrum with particular attention to “high reliance-high harvest” households.

中文翻译：

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亚马逊流域西部小规模渔业的生计和贫困

小规模渔业对数百万农村人口至关重要，但令人惊讶的是，人们对指导农村人口决定以渔业为生的环境和社会经济因素知之甚少。我们分析了对秘鲁亚马逊地区 235 个农村社区 3929 个家庭进行的大规模家庭调查的数据，以开发多标量定量模型来解释渔业参与度以及渔业生计与贫困之间的关系。在采访之前的 12 个月里，家庭平均收获 1000 公斤鱼并出售 450 公斤。每户平均年总收入为3119美元，渔业占总收入的27%。获得广阔的洪泛区栖息地、地理隔离和可用的劳动力是捕捞活动的重要驱动因素，而市场连通性差和有限的金融资本限制了家庭扩大市场导向型捕捞规模。富裕家庭通常捕捞更多的鱼，而捕捞较少鱼的贫困家庭对渔业的依赖最大。发展中地区的渔业管理和保护举措必须考虑整个财富范围内渔业专业化的独特驱动因素，特别关注“高依赖高收获”家庭。