Mining activities have long-term impacts on the groundwater of surrounding areas and deserve in-depth analysis and study. Herein, the geochemical mechanisms of acid mine drainage (AMD)-affected groundwaters were examined, and groundwater quality was assessed through water quality indices. 15 water samples from 7 domestic and 4 groundwater monitoring wells were tested for physical and chemical parameters in 2022, and multivariate statistical analysis was carried out with monitoring data from 21 domestic wells in 2010. The groundwater chemical composition varied from a predominantly Ca-HCO₃ type in 2010 to a Ca-SO₄ type in 2022. The isotopic values of δ¹⁸O and δD indicate that groundwater has not been significantly affected by evaporation. Changes in groundwater sulfate and total dissolved solids (TDS) levels over the twelve-year period confirmed the AMD infiltration impact on groundwater quality. The groundwater chemical properties changed more slowly than those of surface waters affected by AMD based on a cumulative increase in sulfate concentration of 29.94 mg/L. Changes in groundwater quality were investigated, namely, the spatiotemporal distribution of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), including Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, and As. Mn concentrations in upstream groundwater areas near the mine decreased by 61.8% between 2010 and 2022. Conversely, groundwater in midstream areas had Mn concentrations of 2.25 mg/L and arsenic concentrations of 11.8 μg/L, both exceeding the WHO, 2022 standard. According to multivariate statistical analysis, Mn, Cd, and Pb originated from polymetallic minerals, whereas As was likely derived from the reduction of Fe/Mn hydroxyl oxides. AMD remediation improved contaminated upstream groundwater quality over 12 years, with a 36.8% improvement in WQI values. PTE distribution determined water quality changes; therefore, PTE contamination should be treated in mid- and downstream regions while contaminated groundwater should be treated upstream.

采矿活动对周边地区地下水产生长期影响，值得深入分析和研究。本文研究了受酸性矿山排水（AMD）影响的地下水的地球化学机制，并通过水质指数评估地下水质量。_{2022年对7口生活监测井和4口地下水监测井的15个水样进行了理化参数测试，并对2010年21口生活监测井的监测数据进行了多元统计分析。地下水化学成分以Ca-HCO 3}为主。 2010年为Ca-SO _{4型，2022年为Ca-SO 4 型。δ} ¹⁸ O和δD同位素值表明地下水并未受到蒸发的显着影响。十二年间地下水硫酸盐和总溶解固体 (TDS) 水平的变化证实了 AMD 渗透对地下水质量的影响。根据硫酸盐浓度累计增加29.94 mg/L，地下水化学性质变化比受AMD影响的地表水更慢。研究了地下水质量的变化，即潜在有毒元素（PTE）的时空分布，包括铁、锰、镉、铅和砷。2010年至2022年，矿区上游地下水区锰浓度下降了61.8%。相反，中游地区地下水锰浓度为2.25毫克/升，砷浓度为11.8微克/升，均超过世界卫生组织2022年标准。根据多元统计分析，Mn、Cd和Pb来源于多金属矿物，而As可能来源于Fe/Mn羟基氧化物的还原。12 年来，AMD 修复改善了受污染的上游地下水质量，WQI 值改善了 36.8%。PTE分布决定水质变化；因此，PTE污染应在中下游地区进行处理，受污染的地下水应在上游地区进行处理。