The presence of a tracheal septum dividing the trachea into two makes intubation one of the main challenges of penguin anaesthesia. Differences in the length and location of the aforementioned tracheal septum have been described in some penguin species. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, it has not been reported in Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti). Therefore, one of the aims of this publication is to report the septal position in this Humboldt penguin. Furthermore, this publication describes the anaesthetic protocol and complications encountered and discusses some of the more important features of penguin anaesthesia. It is anticipated that this case report will aid in future procedures requiring anaesthesia of this penguin species. A 25-year-old female Humboldt penguin was anaesthetized at the University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital for radiographs and computed tomography (CT) following three weeks of inappetence. After assessing the health status of the penguin from the clinical history and performing a physical examination, an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status score of II was assigned and a combination of butorphanol 1 mg/kg and midazolam 1 mg/kg was administered intramuscularly to sedate the penguin. Induction of anaesthesia was performed via a face mask using sevoflurane in oxygen. The airway was intubated with a 4.0 mm Cole tube and anaesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane in oxygen during the entire procedure. Anaesthetic monitoring consisted of an electrocardiogram, pulse oximetry, non-invasive blood pressure, capnography, and body temperature. Tracheal bifurcation was identified as the start of the tracheal septum 4.67 cm from the glottis using CT. Most of the anticipated complications of penguin anaesthesia, such as hyperthermia, hypothermia, regurgitation, hypoventilation, and difficulties in intubation were present in this case. However, no major sequalae occurred following the anaesthetic protocol described.

中文翻译：

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洪堡企鹅（Spheniscus humboldti）接受诊断成像的麻醉处理和并发症

气管隔膜将气管一分为二，这使得插管成为企鹅麻醉的主要挑战之一。已经在一些企鹅物种中描述了上述气管隔膜的长度和位置的差异。然而，据作者所知，尚未在洪堡企鹅（Spheniscus humboldti）中报道过这种情况。因此，本出版物的目的之一是报告这只洪堡企鹅的隔膜位置。此外，本出版物描述了麻醉方案和遇到的并发症，并讨论了企鹅麻醉的一些更重要的特征。预计该病例报告将有助于未来对该企鹅物种进行麻醉的手术。一只 25 岁的雌性洪堡企鹅在三周食欲不振后，在都柏林大学学院兽医医院接受了麻醉，以进行 X 光检查和计算机断层扫描 (CT)。根据临床病史和体检评估企鹅的健康状况后，美国麻醉医师协会的身体状况评分为 II，并肌肉注射布托啡诺 1 mg/kg 和咪达唑仑 1 mg/kg 镇静。企鹅。使用氧气中的七氟烷通过面罩进行麻醉诱导。用 4.0 mm Cole 管对气道进行插管，并在整个手术过程中用氧气中的七氟醚维持麻醉。麻醉监测包括心电图、脉搏血氧饱和度、无创血压、二氧化碳图和体温。使用 CT 确定气管分叉为气管隔膜起点距声门 4.67 厘米。大多数企鹅麻醉的预期并发症，如体温过高、体温过低、反流、通气不足和插管困难都在本例中出现。然而，按照所描述的麻醉方案，没有发生严重的后遗症。