Evolutionary observations have often served as an inspiration for biological design. Decoding of the central dogma of life at a molecular level and understanding of the cellular biochemistry have been elegantly used to engineer various synthetic biology applications, including building genetic circuits in vitro and in cells, building synthetic translational systems, and metabolic engineering in cells to biosynthesize and even bioproduce complex high-value molecules. Here, we review three broad areas of synthetic biology that are inspired by evolutionary observations: (i) combinatorial approaches toward cell-based biomolecular evolution, (ii) engineering interdependencies to establish microbial consortia, and (iii) synthetic immunology. In each of the areas, we will highlight the evolutionary premise that was central toward designing these platforms. These are only a subset of the examples where evolution and natural phenomena directly or indirectly serve as a powerful source of inspiration in shaping synthetic biology and biotechnology

进化观察常常成为生物设计的灵感。在分子水平上解码生命的中心法则和对细胞生物化学的理解已被优雅地用于设计各种合成生物学应用，包括在体外和细胞内构建遗传电路、构建合成翻译系统以及细胞中的代谢工程以进行生物合成甚至生物生产复杂的高价值分子。在这里，我们回顾了受进化观察启发的合成生物学的三个广泛领域：（i）基于细胞的生物分子进化的组合方法，（ii）工程相互依赖性以建立微生物联盟，以及（iii）合成免疫学。在每个领域，我们将强调设计这些平台的核心进化前提。这些只是进化和自然现象直接或间接成为塑造合成生物学和生物技术的强大灵感来源的例子的一部分