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The growing population and increasing water demand necessitate exploring alternative sources of water, including saline water. Saline water treatment technologies have undergone significant advancements in recent years, enabling the production of potable water from seawater and brackish water. This review provides an overview of the current state of saline water treatment technologies, including desalination and membrane-based processes. The advantages and limitations of each technology and their suitability for different applications are discussed. Recent advancements in materials and techniques that have led to improvements in energy efficiency, productivity, and cost-effectiveness of these technologies are highlighted. Finally, the future directions and challenges in the field of saline water treatment are outlined.

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人口的增长和水需求的增加使得必须探索替代水源，包括盐水。近年来，盐水处理技术取得了显着进步，能够从海水和微咸水生产饮用水。本综述概述了盐水处理技术的现状，包括海水淡化和膜工艺。讨论了每种技术的优点和局限性以及它们对不同应用的适用性。重点介绍了材料和技术的最新进展，这些进展提高了这些技术的能源效率、生产率和成本效益。最后，概述了盐水处理领域的未来方向和挑战。